{"id":22846,"date":"2022-06-14T14:07:09","date_gmt":"2022-06-14T12:07:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/podpora\/?post_type=ht_kb&p=22846"},"modified":"2022-06-14T14:07:10","modified_gmt":"2022-06-14T12:07:10","slug":"vim-legenda-medzi-textovymi-editormi","status":"publish","type":"ht_kb","link":"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/podpora\/kb\/vim-legenda-medzi-textovymi-editormi\/","title":{"rendered":"Vim – legenda medzi textov\u00fdmi editormi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Slobodn\u00fd, otvoren\u00fd a multiplatformov\u00fd textov\u00fd editor Vim je program ur\u010den\u00fd pre pr\u00edkazov\u00fd riadok, a tie\u017e existuje v grafickom pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom rozhran\u00ed (GUI). Vim vych\u00e1dza z unixov\u00e9ho editora Vi, ktor\u00fd vytvoril Bill Joy v roku 1976. N\u00e1zov Vim znamen\u00e1 \u201cVi IMproved\u201d (vylep\u0161en\u00fd Vi) a jeho autor, holandsk\u00fd program\u00e1tor Bram Moolenaar, ho prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t zverejnil v roku 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tip: V\u0161etky pr\u00edkazy si jednoducho otestujte s WebSupport VPS<\/a><\/strong>. Vysk\u00fa\u0161ajte pr\u00e9miov\u00fd virtu\u00e1lny server zdarma e\u0161te dnes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vim dodnes patr\u00ed medzi najpopul\u00e1rnej\u0161ie textov\u00e9 editory predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v komunite program\u00e1torov a syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1torov. Dokonca aj v jeho modernej\u0161ej alternat\u00edve VSCode je mo\u017en\u00e9 nain\u0161talova\u0165 Vim ako roz\u0161\u00edrenie<\/a>, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 kl\u00e1vesov\u00e9 skratky a re\u017eimy editora Vim. Ak si teda Vim chcete vysk\u00fa\u0161a, ale pou\u017e\u00edvate VSCode, sta\u010d\u00ed nain\u0161talova\u0165 spom\u00ednan\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edrenie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In\u0161tal\u00e1cia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee Vim je multiplatformov\u00fd textov\u00fd editor s otvoren\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dom, m\u00f4\u017eeme ho \u013eahko nain\u0161talova\u0165 prakticky na ktorejko\u013evek linuxovej distrib\u00facii. V pr\u00edpade Ubuntu sta\u010d\u00ed be\u017en\u00e1 kombin\u00e1cia pr\u00edkazov:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y vim<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Netradi\u010dn\u00e1 navig\u00e1cia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Editor Vim bol vyvinut\u00fd na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, ktor\u00fd na kl\u00e1vesnici e\u0161te nemal \u0161\u00edpky, a tak spo\u010diatku funkciu \u0161\u00edpky hore nahradil kl\u00e1ves k<\/kbd>, \u0161\u00edpku dole kl\u00e1ves j<\/kbd>, \u0161\u00edpku do\u013eava kl\u00e1ves h<\/kbd> a \u0161\u00edpku doprava kl\u00e1ves l<\/kbd> (mal\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno L). V\u00fdhoda takejto z\u00e1meny kl\u00e1ves spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee nemus\u00edme prsty pres\u00fava\u0165 zo z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho riadku na \u0161\u00edpky a neplytv\u00e1me tak \u010dasom pri navig\u00e1cii v texte. Dnes v\u0161ak u\u017e funguj\u00fa aj \u0161\u00edpky a spolu s ostatn\u00fdmi kl\u00e1vesov\u00fdmi skratkami v troch naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch re\u017eimoch je mo\u017en\u00e9 Vim ovl\u00e1da\u0165 ve\u013emi efekt\u00edvne a r\u00fdchlo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Re\u017eimy (modes)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Vim m\u00e1 3 re\u017eimy, v ktor\u00fdch je mo\u017en\u00e9 vykon\u00e1va\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00e9 akcie. Tieto re\u017eimy zapr\u00ed\u010di\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee zau\u010denie za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edka trv\u00e1 pomerne dlho, no po ich zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed z\u00edskame efekt\u00edvny a r\u00fdchly n\u00e1stroj na pokro\u010dil\u00fa pr\u00e1cu s textom. Ide teda o tieto 3 re\u017eimy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
  1. Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd (pr\u00edkazov\u00fd) re\u017eim<\/strong> – v tomto re\u017eime je mo\u017en\u00e9 zad\u00e1va\u0165 pr\u00edkazy na pr\u00e1cu s textom<\/li>
  2. Vkladac\u00ed re\u017eim<\/strong> – v tomto re\u017eime m\u00f4\u017eeme text prid\u00e1va\u0165<\/li>
  3. Vizu\u00e1lny re\u017eim<\/strong> – v tomto re\u017eime m\u00f4\u017eeme text ozna\u010dova\u0165<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    Postupne si prakticky predstav\u00edme v\u0161etky 3 re\u017eimy v konfigura\u010dnom s\u00fabore editora Vim (~\/.vimrc). Po prvom spusten\u00ed sa Vim zobraz\u00ed s prednastaven\u00fdmi mo\u017enos\u0165ami. Zmen\u00edme niektor\u00e9 nastavenia editora Vim v editore Vim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    vim ~\/.vimrc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Editor Vim s\u00fabor otvor\u00ed v z\u00e1kladnom re\u017eime. V tomto re\u017eime ale nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 text prid\u00e1va\u0165, preto kl\u00e1vesom i<\/kbd> (ako insert – vlo\u017ei\u0165) vo Vime aktivujeme vkladac\u00ed re\u017eim. Skop\u00edrujeme a vlo\u017e\u00edme tieto riadky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    syntax on\nset cursorline\nset encoding=utf-8\nset incsearch\nset number\nset wrap\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Stavov\u00fd riadok si m\u00f4\u017eeme nastavi\u0165 pod\u013ea vlastn\u00fdch predst\u00e1v za pomoci online gener\u00e1tora na adrese tdaly.co.uk\/projects\/vim-statusline-generator<\/a>. V pr\u00edpade nejasnost\u00ed sta\u010d\u00ed klikn\u00fa\u0165 na tla\u010didlo \u201cPowerline-style Statusline\u201d a skop\u00edrova\u0165 text na konci str\u00e1nky do konfigura\u010dn\u00e9ho s\u00faboru editora Vim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    Kl\u00e1vesom esc<\/kbd> sa vr\u00e1time do z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu. V tomto re\u017eime zmeny v s\u00fabore ulo\u017e\u00edme. Ukladanie zmien v editore Vim je podobne netradi\u010dn\u00e9 ako navig\u00e1cia. V z\u00e1kladnom re\u017eime nap\u00ed\u0161eme dvojbodku a mal\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno w (ako write – zap\u00edsa\u0165) :w<\/kbd> a stla\u010d\u00edme kl\u00e1ves Enter<\/kbd>. Takto sme ulo\u017eili zmeny v otvorenom s\u00fabore. Ak s\u00fabor chceme zatvori\u0165, zariadime to op\u00e4\u0165 dvojbodkou a kl\u00e1vesom q<\/kbd> (ako quit – ukon\u010di\u0165) :q<\/kbd> a stla\u010d\u00edme kl\u00e1ves Enter<\/kbd>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Oba pr\u00edkazy (w aj q) m\u00f4\u017eeme kombinova\u0165 do jedn\u00e9ho pr\u00edkazu :wq<\/kbd> a stla\u010d\u00edme kl\u00e1ves Enter<\/kbd>. Takto Vim ulo\u017e\u00ed zmeny a n\u00e1sledne s\u00fabor zatvor\u00ed. Pridan\u00edm v\u00fdkri\u010dn\u00edka za mal\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno q (:q!<\/kbd>) dosiahneme, \u017ee Vim vyn\u00fati zatvorenie s\u00faboru bez ulo\u017eenia zmien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    V z\u00e1kladnom re\u017eime e\u0161te m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165 tieto pr\u00edkazy, za ktor\u00fdmi op\u00e4\u0165 stla\u010d\u00edme kl\u00e1ves enter:<\/p>\n\n\n\n