{"id":22023,"date":"2022-06-09T14:10:05","date_gmt":"2022-06-09T12:10:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/podpora\/?post_type=ht_kb&p=22023"},"modified":"2022-06-14T14:28:02","modified_gmt":"2022-06-14T12:28:02","slug":"kubernetes-2-nody-pody-a-sluzby","status":"publish","type":"ht_kb","link":"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/podpora\/kb\/kubernetes-2-nody-pody-a-sluzby\/","title":{"rendered":"Kubernetes – 2. Nody, pody a slu\u017eby"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V predo\u0161lom diele sme Kubernetes predstavili z h\u013eadiska hist\u00f3rie a architekt\u00fary. Tie\u017e sme nain\u0161talovali mal\u00fd Kubernetes (minikube), aby mohol Kubernetes sk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 ktoko\u013evek na be\u017ene dostupnom po\u010d\u00edta\u010di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V tomto diele si uk\u00e1\u017eeme in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu ve\u013ek\u00e9ho Kubernetes (1x master + 2x workers), pri\u010dom spr\u00e1vcu (master) umiestnime na samostatn\u00fd virtu\u00e1lny server. A ka\u017ed\u00fd z uzlov (worker 1 a 2) p\u00f4jdu tak isto na samostatn\u00e9 virtu\u00e1lne servery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chcete si vytvori\u0165 vlastn\u00fd Kubernetes (K8s) klaster? Vysk\u00fa\u0161ajte si ho vo Virtu\u00e1lnom d\u00e1tovom centre<\/a> od Websupportu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento n\u00e1vod funguje na linuxovom opera\u010dnom syst\u00e9me Ubuntu vo verzii 20.04 LTS<\/a> (Focal Fossa). Ide o verziu LTS (L<\/strong>ong T<\/strong>erm S<\/strong>upport = dlhodob\u00e1 podpora), ktor\u00e1 bola zverejnen\u00e1 23. 04. 2020 a je ofici\u00e1lne podporovan\u00e1 softv\u00e9rovou spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Canonical 5 rokov od vydania, \u010di\u017ee do apr\u00edla 2025. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri sa v LTS vo zv\u00fd\u0161enej miere zameriavaj\u00fa na bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a hardv\u00e9rov\u00fa kompatibilitu, aby bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 nasadenie na enterprise \u00farovni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In\u0161talujeme Kubernetes Cluster<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00edkazmi ni\u017e\u0161ie zabezpe\u010d\u00edme aktu\u00e1lnos\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch bal\u00edkov syst\u00e9mu, poupratujeme v existuj\u00facich bal\u00edkoch a doin\u0161talujeme potrebn\u00fd softv\u00e9r na VPS s hostname master<\/code> (tu IP adresa 10.1.1.25), worker-1<\/code> (tu IP adresa 10.1.1.9) a worker-2<\/code> (tu IP adresa 10.1.1.11):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt clean && sudo apt autoremove<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Okrem vy\u0161\u0161ie zadan\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru je potrebn\u00e9 doin\u0161talova\u0165, nastavi\u0165 a re\u0161tartova\u0165 kontajneriza\u010dn\u00e9 prostredie containerd na VPS master<\/code> a tie\u017e na oba VPS worker-1<\/code> a worker-2<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat <<EOF | sudo tee \/etc\/modules-load.d\/containerd.conf\noverlay\nbr_netfilter\nEOF<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo modprobe overlay<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo modprobe br_netfilter<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
cat <<EOF | sudo tee \/etc\/sysctl.d\/99-kubernetes-cri.conf\nnet.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1\nnet.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1\nnet.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1\nEOF<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo sysctl --system\nsudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y containerd\nsudo mkdir -p \/etc\/containerd\ncontainerd config default | sudo tee \/etc\/containerd\/config.toml<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo systemctl restart containerd<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Do v\u0161etk\u00fdch troch VPS prid\u00e1me podpisov\u00e9 k\u013e\u00fa\u010de a samotn\u00fd repozit\u00e1r, z ktor\u00e9ho budeme in\u0161talova\u0165 Kubernetes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
curl -s https:\/\/packages.cloud.google.com\/apt\/doc\/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
cat <<EOF | sudo tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/kubernetes.list\ndeb https:\/\/apt.kubernetes.io\/ kubernetes-xenial main\nEOF<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Zakazujeme pam\u00e4\u0165 swap<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
V pr\u00edpade ak je na OS Ubuntu zapnut\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie pam\u00e4te swap, Kubernetes nebude fungova\u0165. Aby sme teda mohli pokra\u010dova\u0165, je potrebn\u00e9 vypn\u00fa\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvanie pam\u00e4te swap na v\u0161etk\u00fdch troch VPS (prv\u00fd riadok). Aby pam\u00e4\u0165 swap ostala vypnut\u00e1 aj po re\u0161tarte, mus\u00edme e\u0161te riadok s obsahom \/swapfile<\/code> v s\u00fabore \/etc\/fstab<\/code> odkomentova\u0165 mrie\u017ekou na za\u010diatku riadka (druh\u00fd riadok), tak\u017ee obsah riadka zmen\u00edme na #\/swapfile. Zmeny ulo\u017e\u00edme pomocou kl\u00e1vesovej skratky Ctrl + X<\/code> a n\u00e1sledne stla\u010den\u00edm kl\u00e1vesa y a potvrden\u00edm kl\u00e1vesom Enter<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo swapoff -a<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo nano \/etc\/fstab<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Odteraz sa s\u00fabor \/swapfile<\/code> nebude pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 a m\u00f4\u017eeme pokra\u010dova\u0165 v nastavovan\u00ed vhodn\u00e9ho prostredia na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu Kubernetes Clustera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nastavujeme jedine\u010dn\u00e9 hostite\u013esk\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Aby sme zabezpe\u010dili spr\u00e1vnu funk\u010dnos\u0165 Kubernetes, je potrebn\u00e9 nastavi\u0165 unik\u00e1tne hostite\u013esk\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy (hostnames) na ka\u017edom z troch VPS. Spr\u00e1vcovi nastav\u00edme n\u00e1zov master<\/code> (prv\u00fd riadok), prv\u00e9mu pracovn\u00edkovi worker-1<\/code> (druh\u00fd riadok) a druh\u00e9mu pracovn\u00edkovi worker-2<\/code> (tret\u00ed riadok):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname master<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname worker-1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname worker-2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Zmena hostite\u013esk\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu sa prejav\u00ed a\u017e po otvoren\u00ed nov\u00e9ho pr\u00edkazov\u00e9ho riadku. V tom aktu\u00e1lnom pr\u00edkazovom riadku teda bude st\u00e1le uveden\u00fd star\u00fd hostite\u013esk\u00fd n\u00e1zov. M\u00f4\u017eeme pokra\u010dova\u0165 v nastavovan\u00ed vhodn\u00e9ho prostredia na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu Kubernetes Clustera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Overujem spr\u00e1vne nastavenie d\u00e1tumu a \u010dasu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Aby sme predi\u0161li probl\u00e9mu s neplatn\u00fdmi TLS certifik\u00e1tmi, skontrolujeme na v\u0161etk\u00fdch troch VPS, \u010di m\u00e1me jednotne nastaven\u00fd d\u00e1tum a \u010das, resp. \u010di sa d\u00e1tum a \u010das synchronizuj\u00fa automaticky (System clock synchronized: yes) a \u010di s\u00fa v\u0161etky tri VPS v rovnakej \u010dasovej z\u00f3ne (Time zone). Posta\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1m na to jedin\u00fd pr\u00edkaz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
timedatectl<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ak je automatick\u00e1 synchroniz\u00e1cia d\u00e1tumu a \u010dasu vypnut\u00e1 (System clock synchronized: no), zapneme ju a po\u010dk\u00e1me, dok\u00fdm sa d\u00e1tum a \u010das automaticky nastavia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo timedatectl set-ntp on<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ak sa d\u00e1tum a \u010das automaticky synchronizovali, m\u00f4\u017eeme pokra\u010dova\u0165 v nastavovan\u00ed vhodn\u00e9ho prostredia na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu Kubernetes Clustera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ame Kubernetes master server<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Na VPS s hostite\u013esk\u00fdm n\u00e1zvom master<\/code> spust\u00edme pr\u00edkaz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0\/16<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Vyp\u00ed\u0161e sa verzia Kubernetes, skontroluj\u00fa sa z\u00e1vislosti, nastavia sa bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 certifik\u00e1ty, zap\u00ed\u0161u sa nastavenia, spustia sa nevyhnutn\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edrenia ako CoreDNS a kube-proxy a nakoniec sa vygeneruje pr\u00edkaz s tokenon (kubeadm join ...<\/code>), pomocou ktor\u00e9ho m\u00f4\u017eeme ku Kubernetes master serveru pripoji\u0165 (join) uzly (nodes).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Okrem in\u00e9ho n\u00e1m n\u00e1stroj kubeadm pri spusten\u00ed odporu\u010dil vykona\u0165 nieko\u013eko nastaven\u00ed. Tieto tri pr\u00edkazy spust\u00edme na VPS s hostite\u013esk\u00fdm n\u00e1zvom master<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkdir -p $HOME\/.kube<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo cp -i \/etc\/kubernetes\/admin.conf $HOME\/.kube\/config<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME\/.kube\/config<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Vytvor\u00edme tak skryt\u00fd prie\u010dinok .kube<\/code> v prie\u010dinku aktu\u00e1lneho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea a skop\u00edrujeme do\u0148 s\u00fabor s nastaveniami (config<\/code>), ktor\u00e9mu nastav\u00edme patri\u010dn\u00e9 vlastn\u00edcke opr\u00e1vnenia (chown<\/code>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nasadzujeme sie\u0165 podov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
V prvom diele tohto seri\u00e1lu sme si zadefinovali, \u017ee najjednoduch\u0161\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed objekt cel\u00e9ho Kubernetes Clustra je pod (skupinka), preto\u017ee obsahuje kontajneri, ktor\u00e9 Kubernetes orchestruje. Pody prepoj\u00edme n\u00e1strojom Flannel za pomoci t\u00fdchto dvoch pr\u00edkazov, ktor\u00e9 spust\u00edme na VPS s hostite\u013esk\u00fdm n\u00e1zvom master<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
kubectl apply -f https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/tiborepcek\/flannel\/main\/Documentation\/kube-flannel.yml<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
kubectl apply -f https:\/\/raw.githubusercontent.com\/tiborepcek\/flannel\/main\/Documentation\/k8s-manifests\/kube-flannel-rbac.yml<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u010ci sa nasadenie podov podarilo, zist\u00edme pr\u00edkazom, ktor\u00fd spust\u00edme na VPS master:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ak v st\u013apci STATUS<\/em> bude v ka\u017edom riadku vyp\u00edsan\u00fd stav Running<\/em>, v\u0161etko je v poriadku a nasadenie siete podov prebehlo bez probl\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Prip\u00e1jame pracovn\u00edkov<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Pr\u00edkaz s tokenom kubeadm join ...<\/code> pou\u017eijeme teraz na pripojenie VPS s hostite\u013esk\u00fdmi n\u00e1zvami worker-1<\/code> a worker-2<\/code>. K serveru teda pracovn\u00edkov pripoj\u00edme tak, \u017ee na jednom aj druhom VPS spust\u00edme rovnak\u00fd pr\u00edkaz. Pr\u00edkaz na pripojenie z\u00edskame na VPS master<\/code> takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo kubeadm token create --print-join-command<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Skop\u00edrujeme vyp\u00edsan\u00fd pr\u00edkaz a vlo\u017e\u00edme ho do VPS worker-1<\/code> a worker-2<\/code>, pri\u010dom na za\u010diatok prid\u00e1me sudo<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vr\u00e1time sa sp\u00e4\u0165 do VPS master<\/code> a spust\u00edme pr\u00edkaz na vyp\u00edsanie zoznamu pripojen\u00fdch uzlov (nodov):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
kubectl get nodes<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ak sa v zozname nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa master, worker-1 a worker-2, pri\u010dom v st\u013apci STATUS je vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch uveden\u00e9 Ready, pripojenie prebehlo spr\u00e1vne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nasadzujeme slu\u017ebu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Pomocou kontajneriza\u010dn\u00e9ho rie\u0161enia containerd cez Kubernetes vytvor\u00edme slu\u017ebu, ktor\u00fa Kubernetes automaticky nasad\u00ed na v\u0161etky pripojen\u00e9 uzly (prv\u00fd riadok) a zverejn\u00ed extern\u00fa IP adresu (druh\u00fd riadok):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
kubectl apply -f https:\/\/k8s.io\/examples\/application\/deployment.yaml<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --type=LoadBalancer --name=nginx-service<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Takto zist\u00edme IP adresu klastra (CLUSTER-IP) alebo (ak je k dispoz\u00edcii) extern\u00fa IP adresu (EXTERNAL-IP):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
kubectl get service nginx-service<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Zisten\u00fa IP adresu (va\u0161a IP adresa sa m\u00f4\u017ee l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165) oslov\u00edme cez n\u00e1stroj curl<\/code> (z VPS master<\/code>, worker-1<\/code> aj worker-2<\/code>), aby sme overili, \u010di nasaden\u00fd webov\u00fd server Nginx funguje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
curl 10.110.95.151<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
V pr\u00edpade v\u00fdpisu HTML s\u00faboru, ktor\u00fd informuje o spustenom webovom serveri Nginx, nasadenie slu\u017eby prebehlo spr\u00e1vne a webov\u00fd server funguje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u013ead\u00e1te mana\u017eovan\u00fd Kubernetes? Vyu\u017eite slu\u017eby na\u0161ich sk\u00fasen\u00fdch profesion\u00e1lov na cloud native – radi v\u00e1m priprav\u00edme rie\u0161nie na mieru<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zhrnutie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
V druhom diele sme uk\u00e1zali, ako nain\u0161talova\u0165 Kubernetes Cluster, ako spusti\u0165 Kubernetes Master Server a ako na\u0148 nasadi\u0165 sie\u0165 podov. N\u00e1sledne sme pripojili uzly k spusten\u00e9mu serveru, na ktor\u00e9 sme nasadili slu\u017ebu – konkr\u00e9tne webov\u00fd server Nginx.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V predo\u0161lom diele sme Kubernetes predstavili z h\u013eadiska hist\u00f3rie a architekt\u00fary. Tie\u017e sme nain\u0161talovali mal\u00fd Kubernetes (minikube), aby mohol Kubernetes sk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 ktoko\u013evek na be\u017ene dostupnom po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. V tomto diele si uk\u00e1\u017eeme in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu ve\u013ek\u00e9ho Kubernetes (1x master + 2x workers), pri\u010dom spr\u00e1vcu (master) umiestnime na samostatn\u00fd virtu\u00e1lny server. A ka\u017ed\u00fd z…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"ht-kb-category":[468],"ht-kb-tag":[336,474,396,471,330,339,381,198,192],"class_list":["post-22023","ht_kb","type-ht_kb","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","ht_kb_category-kubernetes","ht_kb_tag-cli","ht_kb_tag-cloud-native","ht_kb_tag-kontajnery","ht_kb_tag-kubernetes","ht_kb_tag-linux","ht_kb_tag-open-source","ht_kb_tag-server","ht_kb_tag-ubuntu","ht_kb_tag-vdc"],"yoast_head":"\nKubernetes - 2. Nody, pody a slu\u017eby - Websupport centrum podpory<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/podpora\/kb\/kubernetes-2-nody-pody-a-sluzby\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kubernetes - 2. Nody, pody a slu\u017eby - Websupport centrum podpory\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"V predo\u0161lom diele sme Kubernetes predstavili z h\u013eadiska hist\u00f3rie a architekt\u00fary. Tie\u017e sme nain\u0161talovali mal\u00fd Kubernetes (minikube), aby mohol Kubernetes sk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 ktoko\u013evek na be\u017ene dostupnom po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. V tomto diele si uk\u00e1\u017eeme in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu ve\u013ek\u00e9ho Kubernetes (1x master + 2x workers), pri\u010dom spr\u00e1vcu (master) umiestnime na samostatn\u00fd virtu\u00e1lny server. A ka\u017ed\u00fd z...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/podpora\/kb\/kubernetes-2-nody-pody-a-sluzby\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Websupport centrum podpory\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-06-14T12:28:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"6 min\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/podpora\/kb\/kubernetes-2-nody-pody-a-sluzby\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/podpora\/kb\/kubernetes-2-nody-pody-a-sluzby\/\",\"name\":\"Kubernetes - 2. 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