{"id":21465,"date":"2022-03-22T13:43:22","date_gmt":"2022-03-22T12:43:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/podpora\/?post_type=ht_kb&p=21465"},"modified":"2022-03-22T14:05:32","modified_gmt":"2022-03-22T13:05:32","slug":"ansible-1-historia-zakladny-koncept-instalacia-a-prve-spustenie","status":"publish","type":"ht_kb","link":"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/podpora\/kb\/ansible-1-historia-zakladny-koncept-instalacia-a-prve-spustenie\/","title":{"rendered":"Ansible – 1. Hist\u00f3ria, z\u00e1kladn\u00fd koncept, in\u0161tal\u00e1cia a prv\u00e9 spustenie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ak spravujete server(y)<\/a>, alebo vlastn\u00edte viacero po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov, rozhodne by ste mali vedie\u0165 o automatiza\u010dnom n\u00e1stroji s otvoren\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dom Ansible<\/a>. Sta\u010d\u00ed raz nap\u00edsa\u0165 jeden konfigura\u010dn\u00fd s\u00fabor vo form\u00e1te YAML a Ansible sa postar\u00e1 o nastavenie \u010di in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu softv\u00e9ru z jedn\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da na mno\u017estve po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov s opera\u010dn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom Linux, macOS alebo Windows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hist\u00f3ria projektu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1zov Ansible poch\u00e1dza z vedecko-fantastick\u00e9ho rom\u00e1nu \u201cRocannon’s World\u201d, ktor\u00fd nap\u00edsala americk\u00e1 spisovate\u013eka Ursula Kroeber Le Guinov\u00e1. Term\u00ednom Ansible sa v knihe ozna\u010duje fikt\u00edvny syst\u00e9m ur\u010den\u00fd na okam\u017eit\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu. V roku 2012 sa v\u00fdvoj\u00e1r Michael DeHaan rozhodol pou\u017ei\u0165 tento n\u00e1zov, aby mohol vyda\u0165 prv\u00fa verziu n\u00e1stroja Ansible. O rok nesk\u00f4r zalo\u017eil organiz\u00e1ciu Ansible, Inc. sl\u00fa\u017eiacu na komer\u010dn\u00fa podporu v\u00fdvoja a spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Red Hat, Inc. v roku 2015 Ansible k\u00fapila.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ansible je ofici\u00e1lne pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd na linuxov\u00fdch distrib\u00faci\u00e1ch podporovan\u00fdch alebo vlastnen\u00fdch spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Red Hat, Inc., a tie\u017e na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine ostatn\u00fdch linuxov\u00fdch distrib\u00faci\u00e1ch, macOS a Windowse (od verzie 1.7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Logo automatiza\u010dn\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroja Ansible<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ako Ansible funguje<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Automatiza\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj Ansible funguje bez sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania slu\u017eieb, d\u00e9monov \u010di datab\u00e1z na pozad\u00ed (agentless). Vy\u017eaduje iba mo\u017enos\u0165 komunikova\u0165 cez SSH (alebo WS-Management protocol pre Windows) a jazyk Python, v\u010faka ktor\u00e9mu prebieha automatiz\u00e1cia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ansible sa in\u0161taluje iba na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, z ktor\u00e9ho automatizujeme ostatn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de (control node<\/strong>). Aktu\u00e1lna stabiln\u00e1 verzia (v \u010dase p\u00edsania tohto n\u00e1vodu ide o verziu core 2.11.6<\/strong>) vy\u017eaduje na control node Python 3.8<\/strong> a nov\u0161\u00ed, pri\u010dom ako control node je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 opera\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my Linux a macOS (nie Windows).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, ktor\u00e9 automatizujeme z control node, sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa managed nodes<\/strong>. Na tieto po\u010d\u00edta\u010de nie je potrebn\u00e9 Ansible in\u0161talova\u0165. Managed node vy\u017eaduje iba pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 jazyka Python 3.8<\/strong> a nov\u0161\u00ed, pri\u010dom komunik\u00e1cia medzi control node a managed node prebieha cez protokol SSH<\/strong> (SFTP, pr\u00edpadne SCP) alebo cez protokol WS-Management protocol pre Windows (vyu\u017e\u00edva sa PowerShell).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nastavenia Ansible uklad\u00e1 do s\u00faboru s n\u00e1zvom ansible.cfg<\/strong> vo form\u00e1te INI<\/strong>. Pre potreby tohto n\u00e1vodu budeme konfigura\u010dn\u00fd s\u00fabor uklada\u0165 v\u017edy do prie\u010dinka, z ktor\u00e9ho budeme sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 moduly v \u00faloh\u00e1ch z Playbooku. Jedno z nastaven\u00ed je cesta k s\u00faboru, ktor\u00fd obsahuje zoznam adries managed nodes – Inventory<\/strong>. Tento s\u00fabor m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vo form\u00e1te INI<\/strong> alebo YAML<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aby sme z control node mohli orchestrova\u0165 managed nodes, mus\u00edme najsk\u00f4r nap\u00edsa\u0165 \u00falohy (tasks<\/strong>), pod\u013ea ktor\u00fdch bude Ansible sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 moduly (modules<\/strong>). Pomocou modulov nastavujeme a in\u0161talujeme softv\u00e9r na v\u0161etk\u00fdch zvolen\u00fdch managed nodes. Sada \u00faloh sa naz\u00fdva Playbook<\/strong>. Syntax Playbooku p\u00ed\u0161eme vo form\u00e1te YAML<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd sa \u013eu\u010fom \u013eahko p\u00ed\u0161e a \u010d\u00edta, preto sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edva aj v in\u00fdch popul\u00e1rnych n\u00e1strojoch (napr. Kubernetes \u010di Docker). \u00dadaje sp\u00e4tnej v\u00e4zby (v\u00fdstup) Ansible posiela vo form\u00e1te JSON<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ansible funguje s ka\u017ed\u00fdm serverov\u00fdm produktom<\/a> od Websupportu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdhody n\u00e1stroja Ansible<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Automatiza\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj Ansible nastavuje infra\u0161trukt\u00faru procesom infra\u0161trukt\u00fara ako k\u00f3d<\/strong> (Infrastructure as Code, IaC), \u010do zabezpe\u010duje v\u017edy rovnak\u00e9 prostredie pre v\u0161etky z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00e9 strany (DevOps). Konfigur\u00e1ciu Ansible aplikuje met\u00f3dou push<\/strong>, tak\u017ee riadiaci server s\u00e1m odosiela konfigur\u00e1ciu na cie\u013eov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Typ pr\u00edstupu Ansible pou\u017e\u00edva deklarat\u00edvny<\/strong> (zameriava sa na to, \u010do<\/strong> m\u00e1m by\u0165 v\u00fdsledkom konfigur\u00e1cie) ale aj imperat\u00edvny<\/strong> (zameriava sa na to, ako<\/strong> je potrebn\u00e9 infra\u0161trukt\u00faru zmeni\u0165, aby sp\u013a\u0148ala po\u017eiadavky).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdvaj\u00fa tieto v\u00fdhody n\u00e1stroja Ansible:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. Nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 sie\u0165ov\u00e1 komunik\u00e1cia<\/strong> – ke\u010f\u017ee Ansible pou\u017e\u00edva met\u00f3du aplikovania konfigur\u00e1cie push, komunikuje s cie\u013eov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom iba vtedy, ke\u010f aplikuje konfigur\u00e1ciu. Neust\u00e1la komunik\u00e1cia medzi serverom a klientom (ako napr. pri Kubernetes) teda neprebieha, \u010d\u00edm sa minimalizuje z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e siete a sie\u0165ov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed.<\/li>
  2. Minim\u00e1lne softv\u00e9rov\u00e9 n\u00e1roky<\/strong> – Ansible sa in\u0161taluje iba na riadiacom syst\u00e9me (control node) a na cie\u013eov\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch (managed nodes) sa vyu\u017e\u00edva u\u017e pr\u00edtomn\u00fd softv\u00e9r (Python alebo PowerShell). V praxi teda na managed nodes nie je potrebn\u00e9 ni\u010d in\u0161talova\u0165.<\/li>
  3. Vstavan\u00e9 moduly<\/strong> – Ansible je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 na spustenie pr\u00edkazov, ktor\u00fdm rozumie iba cie\u013eov\u00fd syst\u00e9m (napr. v prostrediach ako Bash alebo PowerShell), ale jeho sila sa prejav\u00ed a\u017e pri pou\u017eit\u00ed vstavan\u00fdch modulov. V\u010faka nim m\u00f4\u017eeme jedin\u00fdm pr\u00edkazom napr. nain\u0161talova\u0165 po\u017eadovan\u00fd softv\u00e9r na \u013eubovo\u013enom podporovanom cie\u013eovom syst\u00e9me.<\/li>
  4. Jednoducho \u010ditate\u013en\u00e1 syntax<\/strong> – form\u00e1t textov\u00e9ho s\u00faboru YAML je \u013eahko \u010ditate\u013en\u00fd, upravite\u013en\u00fd a nau\u010dite\u013en\u00fd. Sp\u013a\u0148a tak jednu zo z\u00e1sad Ansible, \u017ee na orchestr\u00e1ciu cie\u013eov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov by nemalo by\u0165 potrebn\u00e9 ovl\u00e1da\u0165 skriptovac\u00ed \u010di programovac\u00ed jazyk.<\/li>
  5. R\u00fdchla automatiz\u00e1cia<\/strong> – v\u010faka n\u00e1stroju Ansible sta\u010d\u00ed nap\u00edsa\u0165 alebo stiahnu\u0165 jeden Playbook (textov\u00fd s\u00fabor vo form\u00e1te YAML) a zmeny v \u0148om zachyten\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eeme necha\u0165 aplikova\u0165 a\u017e na tis\u00edckach cie\u013eov\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch jedin\u00fdm pr\u00edkazom z riadiaceho syst\u00e9mu.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    In\u0161tal\u00e1cia a prv\u00e9 spustenie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Ako riadiaci syst\u00e9m (control node) budeme pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) a rovnak\u00e1 distrib\u00facia bude be\u017ea\u0165 aj na cie\u013eov\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch (managed nodes). Na v\u0161etk\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch je predin\u0161talovan\u00fd Python 3.8, \u010d\u00edm s\u00fa splnen\u00e9 softv\u00e9rov\u00e9 n\u00e1roky n\u00e1stroja Ansible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Najnov\u0161iu verziu n\u00e1stroja Ansible z\u00edskame doin\u0161talovan\u00edm bal\u00edka software-properties-common<\/code> pridan\u00edm Personal Package Archive (PPA) ansible\/ansible<\/code> a n\u00e1slednou in\u0161tal\u00e1ciou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    sudo apt update<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    sudo <\/code>apt install software-properties-common<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    sudo add-apt-repository --yes --update ppa:ansible\/ansible<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    sudo apt <\/code>install ansible<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Over\u00edme verziu nain\u0161talovan\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroja Ansible:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    ansible --version<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Aby sme zistili, \u010di pripojenie k managed nodes funguje, spust\u00edme tento pr\u00edkaz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    ansible all -i \"10.1.1.5,10.1.1.9,\" -u tibor -k -m ping<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Pomocou mo\u017enosti all<\/code> ur\u010dujeme, aby Ansible komunikoval so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi managed nodes, ktor\u00e9 nasleduj\u00fa za prep\u00edna\u010dom -i<\/code> (ako inventory). IP adresy va\u0161ich managed nodes (tu \"10.1.1.5,10.1.1.9,\"<\/code>) sa pravdepodobne bud\u00fa l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165. Nezabudnite na \u010diarku za poslednou IP adresou. Prep\u00edna\u010dom -u<\/code> zad\u00e1vame meno pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea, pod ktor\u00fdm sa Ansible pripoj\u00ed na jednotliv\u00e9 managed nodes cez SSH. Prep\u00edna\u010d -k<\/code> zabezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee Ansible bude vy\u017eadova\u0165 zadanie hesla, v\u010faka ktor\u00e9mu sa pripojen\u00ed na managed nodes cez SSH. A nakoniec prep\u00edna\u010d -m<\/code> po\u0161le modul (predpripraven\u00fa sadu pr\u00edkazov – tu ping<\/code>), ktor\u00fd sa m\u00e1 vykona\u0165 na v\u0161etk\u00fdch managed nodes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Ide o z\u00e1kladn\u00fd ad-hoc pr\u00edkaz, ktor\u00fd v pr\u00edpade \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9ho pripojenia vr\u00e1ti kr\u00e1tku inform\u00e1ciu zelen\u00fdm p\u00edsmom vo form\u00e1te JSON. Hne\u010f na za\u010diatku m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v\u0161ak pr\u00ednosn\u00e9, ak si o managed nodes zist\u00edme \u010do najviac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Pou\u017eijeme na to modul gather_facts<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    ansible all -i \"10.1.1.5,10.1.1.9,\" -u tibor -k -m gather_facts<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    Po \u00faspe\u0161nom vykonan\u00ed modulu gather_facts sa n\u00e1m v porovnan\u00ed s modulom ping vr\u00e1ti v\u00fdrazne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o managed nodes. Vo v\u00fdstupe sa dozvieme podrobn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o samotnom opera\u010dnom syst\u00e9me, o zariadeniach, o sieti, o nain\u0161talovanom jazyku Python, a tie\u017e o \u010fal\u0161om softv\u00e9rovom vybaven\u00ed a jeho nastaven\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Skuto\u010dn\u00e1 sila automatiza\u010dn\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroja Ansible sa v\u0161ak prejav\u00ed a\u017e vtedy, ke\u010f za\u010dneme pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 extern\u00e9 s\u00fabory s nastaveniami, zoznamom adries managed nodes a playbooky. To bude predmetom \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u010dast\u00ed seri\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    Zhrnutie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    V prvej \u010dasti seri\u00e1lu o automatiza\u010dnom n\u00e1stroji Ansible sme si stru\u010dne zhrnuli hist\u00f3riu projektu. Pop\u00edsali sme tie\u017e z\u00e1kladn\u00fd koncept fungovania, z ktor\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdvaj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdhody pou\u017eitia n\u00e1stroja Ansible. Po vymenovan\u00ed a kr\u00e1tkom pribl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdhod sme sa s\u00fastredili na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu n\u00e1stroja Ansible. Nakoniec sme si uk\u00e1zali, ako overi\u0165 pripojenie k cie\u013eov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom (managed nodes) z riadiaceho servera (control node) a z\u00edska\u0165 z\u00e1rove\u0148 podrobn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o managed nodes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Ak spravujete server(y), alebo vlastn\u00edte viacero po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov, rozhodne by ste mali vedie\u0165 o automatiza\u010dnom n\u00e1stroji s otvoren\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dom Ansible. Sta\u010d\u00ed raz nap\u00edsa\u0165 jeden konfigura\u010dn\u00fd s\u00fabor vo form\u00e1te YAML a Ansible sa postar\u00e1 o nastavenie \u010di in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu softv\u00e9ru z jedn\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da na mno\u017estve po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov s opera\u010dn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom Linux, macOS alebo…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"ht-kb-category":[438],"ht-kb-tag":[450,336,456,330,237,339,381,91],"class_list":["post-21465","ht_kb","type-ht_kb","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","ht_kb_category-ansible","ht_kb_tag-ansible","ht_kb_tag-cli","ht_kb_tag-infrastructure-as-code","ht_kb_tag-linux","ht_kb_tag-manazment","ht_kb_tag-open-source","ht_kb_tag-server","ht_kb_tag-ssh"],"yoast_head":"\nAnsible - 1. 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