{"id":19862,"date":"2021-05-26T09:47:08","date_gmt":"2021-05-26T07:47:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/podpora\/?post_type=ht_kb&p=19862"},"modified":"2022-06-14T13:50:42","modified_gmt":"2022-06-14T11:50:42","slug":"sietove-nastroje-v-linuxe","status":"publish","type":"ht_kb","link":"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/podpora\/kb\/sietove-nastroje-v-linuxe\/","title":{"rendered":"Sie\u0165ov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje v Linuxe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m Linux je nasadzovan\u00fd preva\u017ene na serveroch, v r\u00e1mci ktor\u00fdch je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 sie\u0165ov\u00e1 \u010das\u0165. K z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm znalostiam Linuxu teda patr\u00ed aj spr\u00e1va siete, ktor\u00e1 zah\u0155\u0148a konfigur\u00e1ciu siete, monitorovanie siete a rie\u0161enie pr\u00edpadn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov v sieti. Na zvl\u00e1dnutie spr\u00e1vy siete Linux pon\u00faka profesion\u00e1lne n\u00e1stroje pre pr\u00edkazov\u00fd riadok. V tomto n\u00e1vode sa zozn\u00e1mime s niektor\u00fdmi z nich.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Linuxov\u00e9 distrib\u00facie poskytuj\u00fa mno\u017estvo predin\u0161talovan\u00fdch sie\u0165ov\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov a tie\u017e popul\u00e1rne n\u00e1stroje, ktor\u00e9 je potrebn\u00e9 doin\u0161talova\u0165 (napr. traceroute alebo nmap). V tomto n\u00e1vode sa v\u0161ak zameriame iba na predin\u0161talovan\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii okam\u017eite po nain\u0161talovan\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1stroj ping<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jeden z najjednoduch\u0161\u00edch sie\u0165ov\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov je ping (Packet InterNet Groper). Ping sl\u00fa\u017ei na preverenie funk\u010dnosti spojenia medzi dvoma sie\u0165ov\u00fdmi rozhraniami v po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej sieti zalo\u017eenej na protokole TCP\/IP.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Takto over\u00edme funk\u010dnos\u0165 spojenia medzi po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom, na ktorom sme pr\u00e1ve prihl\u00e1sen\u00ed a webov\u00fdm serverom, na ktorom be\u017e\u00ed web spolo\u010dnosti WebSupport:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ping websupport.sk<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Po zaslan\u00ed povedzme 10 IP paketov stla\u010d\u00edme kl\u00e1vesov\u00fa skratku Ctrl + C, aby sme ukon\u010dili \u010dinnos\u0165 n\u00e1stroja ping. Po ukon\u010den\u00ed \u010dinnosti n\u00e1stroj ping zobraz\u00ed s\u00fahrnn\u00e9 \u0161tatistiky, v ktor\u00fdch sa dozvieme, ko\u013eko IP paketov bolo odoslan\u00fdch, ko\u013eko z nich bolo protistranou prijat\u00fdch a ko\u013eko milisek\u00fand cel\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165 trvala. \u010c\u00edm viac IP paketov bolo protistranou prijat\u00fdch (ide\u00e1lne 100 %), t\u00fdm stabilnej\u0161ie je spojenie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Viac o tomto n\u00e1stroji zist\u00edme z ofici\u00e1lneho zdroja:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
man ping<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
ping -h<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1stroj tracepath<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ak n\u00e1stroj ping vyp\u00ed\u0161e straten\u00e9 pakety (\u010di\u017ee protistrana ich neprijala), je vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1stroj tracepath<\/code> (sledovanie cesty), aby sme odhalili, kde konkr\u00e9tne spojenie nebolo \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9. Zist\u00edme tak, ktor\u00fd server paket neprijal a dok\u00e1\u017eeme pr\u00edpadn\u00fd probl\u00e9m rie\u0161i\u0165 efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Takto zist\u00edme cestu paketu, ktor\u00fd sme poslali pomocou n\u00e1stroja ping vy\u0161\u0161ie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tracepath websupport.sk<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Vyp\u00ed\u0161e sa zoznam serverov (uzlov), cez ktor\u00e9 paket cestoval a ku ka\u017ed\u00e9mu aj po\u010det milisek\u00fand. Ak bude po\u010det milisek\u00fand pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ek\u00fd, alebo ak sa spojenie pri niektorom zo serverov nepodarilo nadviaza\u0165 (ozna\u010den\u00e9 \u201cno replay\u201d), m\u00f4\u017ee to indikova\u0165 probl\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd u\u017e je teraz adresnej\u0161\u00ed a m\u00f4\u017eeme ho rie\u0161i\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Viac o tomto n\u00e1stroji zist\u00edme z ofici\u00e1lneho zdroja:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
man tracepath<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
tracepath<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1stroj ip<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ide o komplexn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, ktor\u00fd nahr\u00e1dza svojich star\u0161\u00edch predchodcov ifconfig<\/code>, route<\/code>, arp<\/code>, iptunnel<\/code>, nameif<\/code>, ifrename<\/code>, ipmaddr<\/code> \u010di netstat<\/s> a je predin\u0161talovan\u00fd vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine linuxov\u00fdch distrib\u00faci\u00ed. V\u010faka n\u00e1stroju ip<\/code> (Internet Protocol) m\u00f4\u017eeme zobrazova\u0165 a meni\u0165 existuj\u00face nastavenia siete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pre v\u0161etky serverov\u00e9 produkty WebSupportu nie je dovolen\u00e9 meni\u0165 ich sie\u0165ov\u00fa konfigur\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Syntax z\u00e1pisu je ip nastavenie objekt pr\u00edkaz<\/code>, pri\u010dom v\u010faka nastaveniu si m\u00f4\u017eeme napr\u00edklad necha\u0165 vyp\u00edsa\u0165 \u0161tatistiky (-s<\/code>) a ako objekt (a<\/code> alebo addr<\/code> ako skratka od address<\/code>) si m\u00f4\u017eeme napr\u00edklad necha\u0165 zobrazi\u0165 (show<\/code>) adresu IP protokolu jednotliv\u00fdch sie\u0165ov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ip -s a show<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Keby sme vo vy\u0161\u0161ie uk\u00e1zanom pr\u00edkaze ip -s a<\/code> vynechali nepovinn\u00e9 nastavenie -s<\/code> (\u010di\u017ee by n\u00e1m zostal pr\u00edkaz ip a show<\/code>), vyp\u00edsali by sa iba v\u0161etky zariadenia s ich z\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi \u00fadajmi o adrese IP protokolu. S nastaven\u00edm -s<\/code> sa v\u0161ak navy\u0161e zobrazili aj \u0161tatistiky o paketoch. Objekt a m\u00f4\u017eeme nahradi\u0165 dlh\u0161ou formou addr<\/code> alebo cel\u00fdm slovom address<\/code> a v\u00fdstup zostane rovnak\u00fd. No a na konci je pr\u00edkaz show<\/code>, ktor\u00e9ho doslovn\u00fd preklad (zobrazi\u0165) jasne definuje, \u017ee potrebujeme zobrazi\u0165 adresy IP protokolu jednotliv\u00fdch sie\u0165ov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Okrem pr\u00edkazu show<\/code> objektu address<\/code> (resp. skr\u00e1tene addr<\/code> alebo iba a<\/code>) je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 aj in\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy, ktor\u00fdmi u\u017e men\u00edme konfigur\u00e1ciu IP adresy (napr. add<\/code> alebo del<\/code>). Celkov\u00fd preh\u013ead o pr\u00edkazoch pre objekt address<\/code> (resp. skr\u00e1tene addr<\/code> alebo iba a<\/code>) z\u00edskame po zadan\u00ed pr\u00edkazu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ip a help<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Objekt link<\/code> (skr\u00e1tene l<\/code>) zobrazuje a spravuje samotn\u00e9 sie\u0165ov\u00e9 zariadenia – prv\u00fd riadok. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa aj objekt route<\/code> (skr\u00e1tene r<\/code>) na spr\u00e1vu smerovacej tabu\u013eky (routing table) – druh\u00fd riadok. MAC adresu sie\u0165ov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed spravujeme cez objekt neighbor<\/code> (skr\u00e1tene neigh<\/code> alebo n<\/code>) – tret\u00ed riadok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ip l show<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
ip r list<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
ip n show<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ak potrebujeme z\u00edska\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed preh\u013ead o vy\u0161\u0161ie spom\u00ednan\u00fdch objektoch link<\/code>, route<\/code> alebo neighbor<\/code>, sta\u010d\u00ed nahradi\u0165 pr\u00edkaz show<\/code> alebo list<\/code> na konci takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ip l help<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
ip r help<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
ip n help<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
V\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed preh\u013ead o nastaveniach, objektoch a pr\u00edkazoch pre cel\u00fd n\u00e1stroj ip<\/code> z\u00edskame po zadan\u00ed pr\u00edkazu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
man ip<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
ip help<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1stroj ss<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Podobne ako n\u00e1stroj ip, aj n\u00e1stroj ss<\/code> (Socket Statistics) nahr\u00e1dza svojho star\u0161ieho predchodcu netstat<\/code>. Netstat aj ss zobrazuj\u00fa akt\u00edvne spojenia, ale nov\u0161\u00ed ss dok\u00e1\u017ee vyp\u00edsa\u0165 podrobnej\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie a je r\u00fdchlej\u0161\u00ed. Ak spust\u00edme n\u00e1stroj ss v najjednoduch\u0161ej podobe, vyp\u00ed\u0161u sa iba uskuto\u010dnen\u00e9 pripojenia (connected, established):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ss<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Prep\u00edna\u010dom -a (ako all) k uskuto\u010dnen\u00fdm pripojeniam prid\u00e1me aj na\u010d\u00favaj\u00face pripojenia (listening):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ss -a<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Filtrova\u0165 m\u00f4\u017eeme tie\u017e pod\u013ea toho, \u010di ide o TCP (prep\u00edna\u010d -t<\/code>) alebo UDP (prep\u00edna\u010d -u<\/code>) spojenie. Vybra\u0165 si m\u00f4\u017eeme iba IPv4 (prep\u00edna\u010d -4<\/code>) alebo iba IPv6 (prep\u00edna\u010d -6<\/code>) pripojenia. A v\u0161etky filtre m\u00f4\u017eeme kombinova\u0165 aj s vy\u0161\u0161ie spom\u00ednan\u00fdm prep\u00edna\u010dom -a<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ss -at<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
ss -au<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
ss -a4<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
ss -a6<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Podstatn\u00e9 je aj filtrovanie pod\u013ea portu. Takto si napr\u00edklad m\u00f4\u017eeme zobrazi\u0165 iba spojenia protokolu SSH – pod\u013ea \u010d\u00edsla portu (prv\u00fd riadok) alebo pod\u013ea n\u00e1zvu slu\u017eby (druh\u00fd riadok):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ss -at '( dport = :22 or sport = :22 )'<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
ss -at '( dport = :ssh or sport = :ssh )'<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
M\u00f4\u017ee sa tie\u017e hodi\u0165 zisti\u0165, ak\u00e9 spojenie (a \u010di v\u00f4bec nejak\u00e9) bolo naviazan\u00e9 z konkr\u00e9tnej IP adresy na n\u00e1\u0161 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ss dst IP_adresa<\/em><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pri\u010dom \u010das\u0165 na konci IP_adresa<\/code> zamen\u00edme pod\u013ea toho, o ak\u00fa IP adresu n\u00e1m ide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Naopak, ak potrebujeme zisti\u0165, \u010di n\u00e1\u0161 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d naviazal spojenie s konkr\u00e9tnou IP adresou, pou\u017eijeme:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ss src IP_adresa<\/em><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pri\u010dom \u010das\u0165 na konci IP_adresa<\/code> zamen\u00edme pod\u013ea toho, o ak\u00fa IP adresu n\u00e1m ide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Viac o tomto n\u00e1stroji zist\u00edme z ofici\u00e1lneho zdroja:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
man ss<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
ss -h<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1stroj tcpdump<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Pomocou n\u00e1stroja tcpdump<\/code> dok\u00e1\u017eeme sledova\u0165 a zaznamen\u00e1va\u0165 IP pakety TCP siete v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase. Pon\u00faka mno\u017estvo nastaven\u00ed a filtrov, za pomoci ktor\u00fdch je mo\u017en\u00e9 zo sie\u0165ovej komunik\u00e1cie z\u00edska\u0165 celkom konkr\u00e9tne \u00fadaje. V\u010faka t\u00fdmto vlastnostiam je n\u00e1stroj tcpdump ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e1 pom\u00f4cka syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1torov, ktor\u00fa nasadzuj\u00fa pri detekcii probl\u00e9mov v sieti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tcpdump pou\u017e\u00edvame s opr\u00e1vneniami spr\u00e1vcu, preto ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00edkaz na za\u010diatku obsahuje sudo<\/code>. Aby sme mohli sledova\u0165 sie\u0165ov\u00fa komunik\u00e1ciu na konkr\u00e9tnom sie\u0165ovom zariaden\u00ed, najsk\u00f4r mus\u00edme zisti\u0165, ktor\u00e9 sie\u0165ov\u00e9 zariadenia s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo tcpdump -D<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Vyp\u00ed\u0161e sa zoznam sie\u0165ov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, z ktor\u00fdch jedno bude ma\u0165 n\u00e1zov any<\/em>. Ide o virtu\u00e1lne sie\u0165ov\u00e9 zariadenie, cez ktor\u00e9 pretek\u00e1 sie\u0165ov\u00e1 komunik\u00e1cia v\u0161etk\u00fdch sie\u0165ov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed. Aby sme teda mali preh\u013ead o v\u0161etkej sie\u0165ovej komunik\u00e1cii, budeme sledova\u0165 pr\u00e1ve toto zariadenie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo tcpdump -i any<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Spust\u00ed sa z\u00e1znam sie\u0165ovej komunik\u00e1cie, ktor\u00fd ukon\u010d\u00edme pomocou kl\u00e1vesovej skratky Ctrl + C<\/em>. Aby sme sa v\u0161ak vo v\u00fdpise lep\u0161ie orientovali, obmedz\u00edme ho na 10 z\u00e1znamov (-c 10<\/code>) a zak\u00e1\u017eeme preklad IP adries a portov (-nn<\/code>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo tcpdump -i any -c 10 -nn<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
M\u00f4\u017ee sa sta\u0165, \u017ee potrebujeme zaznamena\u0165 komunik\u00e1ciu iba na ur\u010ditom porte (port 80<\/code> – HTTP) a iba od ur\u010dit\u00e9ho zdroja (src IP_adresa<\/em><\/code>). V takomto pr\u00edpade na koniec dopln\u00edme filtre takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo tcpdump -i any -c 10 -nn port 80 and src IP_adresa<\/em><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pri\u010dom \u010das\u0165 na konci IP_adresa<\/code><\/em> zamen\u00edme pod\u013ea toho, o ak\u00fa IP adresu n\u00e1m ide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Alebo m\u00f4\u017eeme sledova\u0165 aj viacero IP adries:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo tcpdump -i any -c 10 -nn port 80 and (src IP_adresa_1<\/em> or src IP_adresa_2<\/em>)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pri\u010dom IP_adresa_1<\/code><\/em>  a IP_adresa_2<\/code><\/em> zamen\u00edme pod\u013ea toho, o ak\u00e9 IP adresy n\u00e1m ide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
No a s nastaven\u00edm -A<\/code> dokonca m\u00f4\u017eeme zobrazi\u0165 a zaznamena\u0165 obsah prenesen\u00fdch paketov:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo tcpdump -i any -c 10 -nn -A port 80<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Be\u017en\u00fdm \u0161tandardom je zaznamen\u00e1va\u0165 do s\u00faboru s koncovkou .pcap (tu webserver.pcap<\/code>) pomocou nastavenia -w<\/code> takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo tcpdump -i any -c 10 -nn -A -w webserver.pcap port 80<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Tak\u00fdto z\u00e1znam m\u00f4\u017eeme napl\u00e1nova\u0165 na pravideln\u00fd z\u00e1pis v bud\u00facnosti cez n\u00e1stroj cron<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Viac o tomto n\u00e1stroji zist\u00edme z ofici\u00e1lneho zdroja:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
man tcpdump<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
tcpdump -h<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1stroj dig<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1stroj dig<\/code> (Domain Information Groper) nahr\u00e1dza star\u0161\u00edch predchodcov nslookup<\/code> \u010di host<\/code> a sl\u00fa\u017ei na vyp\u00edsanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o dom\u00e9ne z DNS z\u00e1znamov typu A (IP adresa), TXT (textov\u00e9 pozn\u00e1mky), MX (mail exchanges), NS (nameservers) a podobne. V\u0161etky typy DNS z\u00e1znamov pre dom\u00e9nu websupport.sk vyp\u00ed\u0161eme takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dig websupport.sk any<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ak potrebujeme iba IP adresu dom\u00e9ny, sta\u010d\u00ed po\u017eiada\u0165 o kr\u00e1tky DNS z\u00e1znam (+short<\/code>) typu A:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
dig websupport.sk a +short<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Viac o tomto n\u00e1stroji zist\u00edme z ofici\u00e1lneho zdroja:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
man dig<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
dig -h<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1stroj w<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Jednop\u00edsmenkov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj w<\/code> sl\u00fa\u017ei na vyp\u00edsanie zoznamu aktu\u00e1lne prihl\u00e1sen\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov. Ide o kombin\u00e1ciu n\u00e1strojov who<\/code>, uptime<\/code> a ps -a<\/code>, tak\u017ee sa zobraz\u00ed aj \u010das prihl\u00e1senia a vyu\u017eitie syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch prostriedkov. Zad\u00e1me jednoducho:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
w<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Viac o tomto n\u00e1stroji zist\u00edme z ofici\u00e1lneho zdroja:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
man w<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
w --help<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1stroj last<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Zoznam naposledy prihl\u00e1sen\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov vyp\u00ed\u0161eme pomocou n\u00e1stroja last<\/code>. Takto nech\u00e1me vyp\u00edsa\u0165 posledn\u00fdch 10 prihl\u00e1sen\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
last -n 10<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
V s\u00favislosti s naposledy prihl\u00e1sen\u00fdmi pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013emi je dobr\u00e9 skontrolova\u0165 aj syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o posledn\u00fdch \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdch prihl\u00e1seniach (prv\u00fd riadok), a tie\u017e pre istotu skontrolova\u0165 zoznam pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov (druh\u00fd riadok) a skup\u00edn (tret\u00ed riadok):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo less \/var\/log\/auth.log | grep Accepted<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
less \/etc\/passwd<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
less \/etc\/group<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Viac o n\u00e1stroji last<\/code> zist\u00edme z ofici\u00e1lneho zdroja:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
man last<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
last -h<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Zhrnutie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Na z\u00e1kladnej \u00farovni sme si predstavili sie\u0165ov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje z bal\u00edka iproute2 (ip, ss), ktor\u00e9 postupne nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa zastaralej\u0161ie a pomal\u0161ie n\u00e1stroje z bal\u00edka net-tools (ifconfig, route, arp, iptunnel, nameif, ifrename, ipmaddr alebo netstat). Hlb\u0161iemu sk\u00famaniu sie\u0165ovej komunik\u00e1cie sme sa venovali pri popise n\u00e1stroja tcpdump. Tie\u017e sme si uk\u00e1zali, ako a kedy pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 jednoduch\u0161ie n\u00e1stroje ping, tracepath, last, dig a w.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m Linux je nasadzovan\u00fd preva\u017ene na serveroch, v r\u00e1mci ktor\u00fdch je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 sie\u0165ov\u00e1 \u010das\u0165. K z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm znalostiam Linuxu teda patr\u00ed aj spr\u00e1va siete, ktor\u00e1 zah\u0155\u0148a konfigur\u00e1ciu siete, monitorovanie siete a rie\u0161enie pr\u00edpadn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov v sieti. Na zvl\u00e1dnutie spr\u00e1vy siete Linux pon\u00faka profesion\u00e1lne n\u00e1stroje pre pr\u00edkazov\u00fd riadok. V tomto…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"ht-kb-category":[435,33],"ht-kb-tag":[336,399,402,428,381,92,431,189],"class_list":["post-19862","ht_kb","type-ht_kb","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","ht_kb_category-nastroje","ht_kb_category-servery","ht_kb_tag-cli","ht_kb_tag-ipv4","ht_kb_tag-ipv6","ht_kb_tag-network","ht_kb_tag-server","ht_kb_tag-shell","ht_kb_tag-siet","ht_kb_tag-vps"],"yoast_head":"\nSie\u0165ov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje v Linuxe - Websupport centrum podpory<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/podpora\/kb\/sietove-nastroje-v-linuxe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sie\u0165ov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje v Linuxe - Websupport centrum podpory\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m Linux je nasadzovan\u00fd preva\u017ene na serveroch, v r\u00e1mci ktor\u00fdch je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 sie\u0165ov\u00e1 \u010das\u0165. 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