{"id":17517,"date":"2021-01-25T14:59:46","date_gmt":"2021-01-25T13:59:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/podpora\/?post_type=ht_kb&p=17517"},"modified":"2025-11-05T15:59:14","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T14:59:14","slug":"zaklady-prace-so-subormi-a-priecinkami-v-linuxovom-prikazovom-riadku-shell","status":"publish","type":"ht_kb","link":"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/podpora\/kb\/zaklady-prace-so-subormi-a-priecinkami-v-linuxovom-prikazovom-riadku-shell\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1klady pr\u00e1ce so s\u00fabormi a prie\u010dinkami v linuxovom pr\u00edkazovom riadku shell"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Linuxov\u00fd pr\u00edkazov\u00fd riadok (shell) WebSupport pre svoj hosting<\/a> poskytuje ako SSH alebo webov\u00fa konzolu<\/a>, v ktorej m\u00f4\u017eeme pracova\u0165 pomocou modern\u00e9ho webov\u00e9ho prehliada\u010da ako je napr\u00edklad Google Chrome, alebo Mozilla Firefox. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento n\u00e1vod m\u00f4\u017eete takisto pou\u017ei\u0165 pre pou\u017e\u00edvanie linuxov\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu aj na serverov\u00fdch a cloud slu\u017eb\u00e1ch<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1ve pou\u017eit\u00edm webov\u00e9ho prehliada\u010da z\u00edskate pr\u00edstup k linuxov\u00e9mu pr\u00edkazov\u00e9mu riadku (shellu) z prostredia, ktor\u00e9 funguje nez\u00e1visle na opera\u010dnom syst\u00e9me. Pr\u00edstup k d\u00e1tam, teda s\u00faborom a adres\u00e1rom pomocou pr\u00edkazov\u00e9ho riadku je ve\u013emi r\u00fdchly a efekt\u00edvny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento n\u00e1vod popisuje pr\u00edkazov\u00fd riadok, ktor\u00fd reprezentuje Bash<\/strong>. Ide o pr\u00edkazov\u00fd shell interpreter naprogramovan\u00fd v r\u00e1mci projektu GNU. N\u00e1zov je akronym k n\u00e1zvu Bourne again shell – je zalo\u017een\u00fd na Bourne Shell (bsh), \u010do bol najpou\u017e\u00edvanej\u0161\u00ed unixov\u00fd shell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kl\u00e1vesov\u00e9 skratky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Najsk\u00f4r sa pozrieme na kl\u00e1vesov\u00e9 skratky, v\u010faka ktor\u00fdm dok\u00e1\u017eeme niektor\u00e9 oper\u00e1cie v linuxovom pr\u00edkazovom riadku v\u00fdrazne zr\u00fdchli\u0165. Tie sa m\u00f4\u017eu v niektor\u00fdch opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch odli\u0161ova\u0165. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00edkaz<\/strong><\/td>Popis<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Ctrl + Shift + C<\/em>
Shift + Insert<\/em><\/td>		Vlo\u017e\u00ed skop\u00edrovan\u00fd text (pozor, kl\u00e1vesov\u00e1 skratka Ctrl + C<\/em> sl\u00fa\u017ei na ukon\u010denie programu)<\/td><\/tr>
Tab<\/em><\/td>Pri p\u00edsan\u00ed pr\u00edkazu dopln\u00ed zvy\u0161n\u00e9 p\u00edsmen\u00e1 pr\u00edkazu alebo n\u00e1zov s\u00faboru \u010di prie\u010dinku<\/td><\/tr>
\u0160\u00edpka hore<\/em>
\u0160\u00edpka dole<\/em><\/td>		Vyp\u00ed\u0161e pr\u00edkaz zo zoznamu hist\u00f3rie (pr\u00edkaz history), ale nespust\u00ed ho<\/td><\/tr>
Ctrl + R<\/em><\/td>Vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie v hist\u00f3rii pr\u00edkazov (hist\u00f3riu zobraz\u00edme pomocou pr\u00edkazu history)<\/td><\/tr>
!!<\/em><\/td>Spust\u00ed predo\u0161l\u00fd pr\u00edkaz (napr. s pr\u00e1vami administr\u00e1tora\/roota: sudo !!)<\/td><\/tr>
!n<\/em><\/td>Spust\u00ed pr\u00edkaz \u010d\u00edslo n<\/em> (za p\u00edsmeno n<\/em> dosad\u00edme poradov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo zisten\u00e9 z pr\u00edkazu history)<\/td><\/tr>
Ctrl + A<\/em><\/td>Presunie kurzor na za\u010diatok riadku (v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou funguje aj kl\u00e1ves Home<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>
Ctrl + E<\/em><\/td>Presunie kurzor na koniec riadku (v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou funguje aj kl\u00e1ves End<\/em>)<\/td><\/tr>
Ctrl + Z<\/em><\/td>Spusten\u00fd program prenesie do pozadia (rovnako ako znak & za pr\u00edkazom)<\/td><\/tr>
Alt + B<\/em><\/td>Presunie kurzor o jedno slovo dozadu (B<\/strong>ack)<\/td><\/tr>
Alt + F<\/em><\/td>Presunie kurzor o jedno slovo dopredu (F<\/strong>orward)<\/td><\/tr>
Ctrl + U<\/em><\/td>Vyma\u017ee v\u0161etky znaky pred kurzorom<\/td><\/tr>
Ctrl + K<\/em><\/td>Vyma\u017ee v\u0161etky znaky za kurzorom<\/td><\/tr>
Ctrl + W<\/em><\/td>Vyma\u017ee jedno slovo pred kurzorom<\/td><\/tr>
Alt + D<\/em><\/td>Vyma\u017ee jedno slovo za kurzorom<\/td><\/tr>
Ctrl + L<\/em><\/td>Vyma\u017ee cel\u00fa obrazovku (rovnako ako pr\u00edkaz clear)<\/td><\/tr>
Ctrl + C<\/em><\/td>Ukon\u010d\u00ed spusten\u00fd program (ako keby sme klikli na kr\u00ed\u017eik okna hore vpravo resp. v\u013eavo)<\/td><\/tr>
Ctrl + D<\/em><\/td>Ukon\u010d\u00ed akt\u00edvnu rel\u00e1ciu (rovnako ako pr\u00edkaz exit)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vytv\u00e1rame s\u00fabory a prie\u010dinky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ak niektor\u00e9 znaky na va\u0161ej kl\u00e1vesnici nebudete vedie\u0165 nap\u00edsa\u0165, pom\u00f4\u017ee web sk.keyboard24.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161etky pr\u00edkazy s\u00fa skratkou alebo kr\u00e1tkymi slovami od stru\u010dn\u00e9ho anglick\u00e9ho popisu toho, \u010do vlastne pr\u00edkaz rob\u00ed. Napr\u00edklad jeden z naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pr\u00edkazov je cd<\/code>, \u010do je skratka anglick\u00e9ho popisu change directory<\/em> (zme\u0148 prie\u010dinok). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Najsk\u00f4r sa presunieme do domovsk\u00e9ho prie\u010dinka jednoduch\u00fdm kr\u00e1tkym pr\u00edkazom change directory<\/em> (cd<\/code>) nasledovan\u00fdm znakom vlnovka (~<\/code>). Znak vlnovka v linuxovom pr\u00edkazovom riadku v\u017edy reprezentuje domovsk\u00fd prie\u010dinok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

cd ~<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Aby sme si overili, \u010di sa naozaj nach\u00e1dzame v domovskom prie\u010dinku, pou\u017eijeme pr\u00edkaz print working directory<\/em> (pwd<\/code>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pwd<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ak sme v domovskom prie\u010dinku, vyp\u00ed\u0161e sa cesta \/home\/meno_pouzivatela<\/em>, pri\u010dom namiesto meno_pouzivatela<\/em> bude uveden\u00e9 meno aktu\u00e1lne prihl\u00e1sen\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea (napr. Tibor). V tomto prie\u010dinku si pomocou pr\u00edkazov make directory<\/em> (mkdir<\/code>) a touch<\/code> vytvor\u00edme 3 prie\u010dinky a 3 pr\u00e1zdne s\u00fabory, s ktor\u00fdmi budeme pracova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkdir test<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
touch test\/subor_1.txt<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
mkdir test\/prazdny_priecinok<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
mkdir test\/neprazdny_priecinok<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
touch test\/neprazdny_priecinok\/subor_2.txt<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
touch test\/neprazdny_priecinok\/subor_3.txt<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pomocou pr\u00edkazu disk usage<\/em> (du<\/code>) a prep\u00edna\u010da -a<\/code> (ako all – \u010di\u017ee zobraz v\u0161etko vr\u00e1tane s\u00faborov) vyp\u00ed\u0161eme \u0161trukt\u00faru prie\u010dinkov v prie\u010dinku test<\/code>, ktor\u00fa sme pr\u00e1ve vytvorili:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
du -a test<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Doteraz sme pou\u017eili 5 pr\u00edkazov (cd, pwd, mkdir, touch a du). \u010casto sa st\u00e1va, \u017ee rovnak\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy pou\u017e\u00edvame viackr\u00e1t. Preto vznikol pr\u00edkaz history<\/code>, ktor\u00fd n\u00e1m vyp\u00ed\u0161e v\u0161etky doteraz spusten\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
history<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ka\u017ed\u00fd pou\u017eit\u00fd pr\u00edkaz je v novom riadku, pri\u010dom ka\u017ed\u00fd riadok je uveden\u00fd poradov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslom. Ak si prajeme op\u00e4\u0165 spusti\u0165 posledn\u00fd pr\u00edkaz zo zoznamu hist\u00f3rie, sta\u010d\u00ed pou\u017ei\u0165 dva v\u00fdkri\u010dn\u00edky (prv\u00fd riadok). Ak potrebujeme spusti\u0165 pr\u00edkaz s konkr\u00e9tnym poradov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslom, zad\u00e1me jeden v\u00fdkri\u010dn\u00edk nasledovan\u00fd poradov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslom (druh\u00fd riadok – spust\u00ed prv\u00fd pr\u00edkaz zo zoznamu hist\u00f3rie):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
!!<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
!1<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
V zozname hist\u00f3rie m\u00f4\u017eeme v\u010faka kl\u00e1vesovej skratke Ctrl + R<\/em> vyh\u013ead\u00e1va\u0165. Funguje to tak, \u017ee stla\u010d\u00edme kl\u00e1vesov\u00fa skratku a n\u00e1sledne p\u00ed\u0161eme text, ktor\u00fd v zozname hist\u00f3rie chceme vyh\u013eada\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou pr\u00edkazu niekedy m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 citliv\u00e9 \u00fadaje ako napr\u00edklad heslo. Spolu s citliv\u00fdmi \u00fadajmi sa v\u0161ak pr\u00edkazy zap\u00ed\u0161u do zoznamu hist\u00f3rie, a tak ich odtia\u013e potrebujeme vymaza\u0165. Odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 m\u00f4\u017eeme jednu polo\u017eku (prv\u00fd riadok s prep\u00edna\u010dom -d<\/code> ako delete<\/em>, \u010di\u017ee vymaza\u0165 polo\u017eku \u010d\u00edslo 5) alebo cel\u00fa hist\u00f3riu (druh\u00fd riadok s prep\u00edna\u010dom -c<\/code> ako clear<\/em>, \u010di\u017ee vymaza\u0165 v\u0161etko). Po vymazan\u00ed je potrebn\u00e9 zmeny zap\u00edsa\u0165 do s\u00faboru so zoznamom hist\u00f3rie (prep\u00edna\u010d -w<\/code> ako write<\/em>, \u010di\u017ee zap\u00edsa\u0165).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
history -d 5 -w<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
history -c -w<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Teraz sa presunieme do prie\u010dinka test<\/code>, v ktorom budeme pracova\u0165 s prie\u010dinkami a s\u00fabormi. Sta\u010d\u00ed nap\u00edsa\u0165 cd t<\/code> a stla\u010di\u0165 kl\u00e1ves Tab<\/em>. Ak sa v aktu\u00e1lnom prie\u010dinku nach\u00e1dza iba jeden s\u00fabor a\/alebo prie\u010dinok, ktor\u00e9ho n\u00e1zov za\u010d\u00edna na p\u00edsmeno t, n\u00e1zov bude automaticky doplnen\u00fd (v na\u0161om pr\u00edpade) na test. Automatick\u00e9 dop\u013a\u0148anie sa hod\u00ed napr\u00edklad ke\u010f prie\u010dinky a s\u00fabory maj\u00fa dlh\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd test<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pracujeme so s\u00fabormi a prie\u010dinkami<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Vytvorili sme \u0161trukt\u00faru prie\u010dinkov a s\u00faborov v prie\u010dinku test<\/code> a teraz s nimi m\u00f4\u017eeme pracova\u0165. Pracova\u0165 s prie\u010dinkami a s\u00fabormi znamen\u00e1, \u017ee budeme ich obsah zobrazova\u0165, h\u013eada\u0165 a upravova\u0165. Prie\u010dinky a s\u00fabory budeme kop\u00edrova\u0165, premiest\u0148ova\u0165, premenov\u00e1va\u0165 a maza\u0165. Archivovaniu a komprimovaniu prie\u010dinkov a s\u00faborov sme sa venovali v n\u00e1vode Archiv\u00e1cia a kompresia s\u00faborov v Linuxe<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
E\u0161te pred pr\u00e1cou so s\u00fabormi a prie\u010dinkami v\u0161ak mus\u00edme z\u00edska\u0165 preh\u013ead. Pozrieme sa teda, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fabory a prie\u010dinky m\u00e1me v prie\u010dinku test<\/code> k dispoz\u00edcii. To docielime u\u017e zn\u00e1mym pr\u00edkazom du alebo v aktu\u00e1lnom prie\u010dinku (v na\u0161om pr\u00edpade ide o prie\u010dinok test<\/code>) pr\u00edkazom ls<\/code> (ako list<\/em>, \u010di\u017ee vyp\u00edsa\u0165 zoznam prie\u010dinkov a s\u00faborov). Prep\u00edna\u010de -lah<\/code> zabezpe\u010dia podrobn\u00fd v\u00fdpis (l<\/code> ako long<\/em>) v\u0161etk\u00fdch prie\u010dinkov a s\u00faborov (aj skryt\u00fdch s bodkou v n\u00e1zve na za\u010diatku; a<\/code> ako all<\/em>) a ve\u013ekos\u0165 je uveden\u00e1 v pre \u013eud\u00ed \u013eah\u0161ie \u010ditate\u013enej forme (h<\/code> ako human readable<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -lah<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Prie\u010dinky s\u00fa od s\u00faborov v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou farebne odl\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9. Ak to tak nie je, potom pod\u013ea prv\u00e9ho znaku bezpe\u010dne rozozn\u00e1me, \u010di ide o prie\u010dinok (prv\u00fd znak je d<\/code>) alebo o s\u00fabor (prv\u00fd znak je -<\/code>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vy\u0161\u0161ie sme vytvorili pr\u00e1zdny s\u00fabor subor_1.txt, do ktor\u00e9ho teraz vlo\u017e\u00edme text pomocou pr\u00edkazu echo<\/code> a lomen\u00fdch z\u00e1tvoriek (><\/code> a >><\/code>). Jedna z\u00e1tvorka (prv\u00fd riadok) znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa cel\u00fd obsah s\u00faboru prep\u00ed\u0161e a dve (druh\u00fd riadok) znamenaj\u00fa, \u017ee sa text dopln\u00ed na koniec a p\u00f4vodn\u00fd obsah zostane zachovan\u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
echo \"Prv\u00fd riadok v s\u00fabore subor_1.txt\" > subor_1.txt<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
echo \"Druh\u00fd riadok v s\u00fabore subor_1.txt\" >> subor_1.txt<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pomocou pr\u00edkazu cat<\/code> (z anglick\u00e9ho concatenate<\/em>) si over\u00edme, \u010di sa oba riadky do s\u00faboru subor_1.txt<\/code> naozaj zap\u00edsali:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat subor_1.txt<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Keby sme v\u0161ak potrebovali zoradi\u0165 riadky abecedne, mus\u00edme necha\u0165 obsah s\u00faboru okrem zobrazenia cez pr\u00edkaz cat<\/code> e\u0161te aj zoradi\u0165 pomocou pr\u00edkazu sort<\/code>. Inak povedan\u00e9, v\u00fdstup pr\u00edkazu cat po\u0161leme ako vstup pr\u00edkazu sort a z\u00edskame tak abecedne zoraden\u00fd zoznam riadkov s\u00faboru subor_1.txt<\/code>. V\u00fdstup po\u0161leme do vstupu cez \u201cpotrubie\u201d (anglicky pipe<\/em>), \u010do je reprezentovan\u00e9 znakom zvislej \u010diary (|<\/code>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cat subor_1.txt | sort<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ako vstup do triediaceho pr\u00edkazu sort<\/code> m\u00f4\u017eeme posla\u0165 aj samotn\u00fd obsah s\u00faboru pomocou opa\u010dnej lomenej z\u00e1tvorky <<\/code> a z\u00edskame tak rovnak\u00fd v\u00fdstup ako v predo\u0161lom pr\u00edkaze, ale s krat\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1pisom (bez pr\u00edkazu cat):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sort < subor_1.txt<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u010casto sa st\u00e1va, \u017ee s\u00fabor obsahuje ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo riadkov. Tak\u00fd s\u00fabor stiahneme (prv\u00fd riadok) pomocou pr\u00edkazu curl<\/code> (z anglick\u00e9ho Client URL<\/em>). Zo stiahnut\u00e9ho s\u00faboru tabulka.csv<\/code> potrebujeme zobrazi\u0165 iba prv\u00fdch 5 riadkov (druh\u00fd riadok; head<\/code> ako hlavi\u010dka) a posledn\u00fdch 5 riadkov (tret\u00ed riadok; tail<\/code> ako chvost).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
curl -o tabulka.csv https:\/\/file-examples-com.github.io\/uploads\/2017\/02\/file_example_CSV_5000.csv<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
head -n 5 tabulka.csv<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
tail -n 5 tabulka.csv<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Cel\u00fd obsah dlh\u0161ieho dokumentu po \u010dastiach zobraz\u00edme pomocou pr\u00edkazu less<\/code> (prv\u00fd riadok), v\u010faka ktor\u00e9mu stl\u00e1\u010dan\u00edm kl\u00e1vesu medzern\u00edk str\u00e1nkujeme a postupne prezrieme cel\u00fd obsah dokumentu. Kl\u00e1vesom Q ukon\u010d\u00edme zobrazenie obsahu cez pr\u00edkaz less. Ak potrebujeme obsah s\u00faboru aj upravi\u0165, mus\u00edme ho na\u010d\u00edta\u0165 v textovom editore (druh\u00fd riadok) ako je napr\u00edklad nano<\/code>. \u010co v textovom editore nano uprav\u00edme, ulo\u017e\u00edme stla\u010den\u00edm kl\u00e1vesovej skratky Ctrl + X<\/code>, potom kl\u00e1ves Y<\/code> a nakoniec kl\u00e1ves Enter<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
less tabulka.csv<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
nano tabulka.csv<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Stiahli sme si pomerne ve\u013ea obsahu (tis\u00edce riadkov) do s\u00faboru tabulka.csv, v ktorom je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 vyh\u013ead\u00e1va\u0165 ru\u010dne. Povedzme, \u017ee by sme v s\u00fabore tabulka.csv chceli zobrazi\u0165 iba tie riadky, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa meno Felisa<\/em>. To dosiahneme pr\u00edkazom grep<\/code> (globally search for a regular expression and print matching lines<\/em>, \u010di\u017ee glob\u00e1lne h\u013eadaj regul\u00e1rny v\u00fdraz a vyp\u00ed\u0161 zodpovedaj\u00face riadky):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grep Felisa tabulka.csv<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pravidelne vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 z\u00e1lohy d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch s\u00faborov (prv\u00fd riadok; cp<\/code> ako copy<\/em>). Niekedy je vhodn\u00e9 z\u00e1lohu aj premenova\u0165 (druh\u00fd riadok mv ako move<\/em>). Pr\u00edkaz mv<\/code> je \u0161peci\u00e1lny v tom, \u017ee sl\u00fa\u017ei na premenovanie, ale tie\u017e na presunutie s\u00faboru (tret\u00ed riadok). No a pr\u00edpadn\u00e9 nadbyto\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00fabory m\u00f4\u017eeme vymaza\u0165 (\u0161tvrt\u00fd riadok; rm<\/code> ako remove<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cp tabulka.csv .\/neprazdny_priecinok\/<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
mv .\/neprazdny_priecinok\/tabulka.csv .\/neprazdny_priecinok\/tabulka-zaloha.csv<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
mv .\/neprazdny_priecinok\/subor_2.txt subor_2.txt<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
rm tabulka.csv<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
S\u00faborov s koncovkou .txt<\/code> u\u017e m\u00e1me viacero a potrebujeme si vytvori\u0165 preh\u013ead, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ako nazvan\u00e9 a v ktor\u00fdch prie\u010dinkoch sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa. Presne na tak\u00e9to \u00fa\u010dely sl\u00fa\u017ei pr\u00edkaz find<\/code> v kombin\u00e1cii so z\u00e1zstupn\u00fdmi znakmi ako ot\u00e1znik<\/em> (nahr\u00e1dza jeden \u013eubovo\u013en\u00fd znak) a hviezdi\u010dka<\/em> (nahr\u00e1dza \u013eubovo\u013en\u00fd po\u010det \u013eubovo\u013en\u00fdch znakov). Ak teda potrebujeme n\u00e1js\u0165 v\u0161etky s\u00fabory s koncovkou .txt v aktu\u00e1lnom prie\u010dinku (vyjadren\u00fd bodkou), pou\u017eijeme z\u00e1stupn\u00fd znak hviezdi\u010dka (prv\u00fd riadok). V\u0161etky s\u00fabory, ktor\u00fdch n\u00e1zov za\u010d\u00edna rovnako, maj\u00fa rovnak\u00fa koncovku a l\u00ed\u0161ia sa iba jedin\u00fdm znakom (tu poradov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslom) n\u00e1jdeme pomocou pr\u00edkazu v druhom riadku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
find . -name \"*.txt\"<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
find . -name \"subor_?.txt\"<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Prie\u010dinky ma\u017eeme pr\u00edkazom rm<\/code> s prep\u00edna\u010dom -rf<\/code>. Pozor, tento pr\u00edkaz pou\u017eijeme iba vtedy ak s \u00faplnou istotou vieme, \u010do ma\u017eeme. Po spusten\u00ed tak\u00e9hoto pr\u00edkazu na prie\u010dinku test<\/code> v domovskom prie\u010dinku (~<\/code>) sa toti\u017e bez upozornenia vyma\u017ee cel\u00fd prie\u010dinok test aj so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi prie\u010dinkami a s\u00fabormi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
rm -rf ~\/test<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Kde n\u00e1jdeme \u010fal\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Predstaven\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy sme si uk\u00e1zali iba v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch pr\u00edkladoch, ale mo\u017enost\u00ed vyu\u017eitia existuje ove\u013ea viac. V linuxovom pr\u00edkazovom riadku je e\u0161te jeden ve\u013emi \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd pr\u00edkaz man<\/code> (skratka od manual<\/em>). Ak napr\u00edklad potrebujeme viac inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o pr\u00edkaze rm, sta\u010d\u00ed nap\u00edsa\u0165 man rm<\/code> a zobraz\u00ed sa podrobn\u00fd manu\u00e1l k pr\u00edkazu rm, v ktorom sa pohybujeme ako v pr\u00edkaze less (medzern\u00edk a kl\u00e1ves Q). Takto je mo\u017en\u00e9 do detailov \u0161tudova\u0165 ktor\u00fdko\u013evek pr\u00edkaz linuxov\u00e9ho pr\u00edkazov\u00e9 riadku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zhrnutie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Uk\u00e1zali sme, ako v linuxovom pr\u00edkazovom riadku vytvori\u0165 s\u00fabory a prie\u010dinky. Zobrazili a upravili sme obsah s\u00faborov. Premenovali, kop\u00edrovali, premiest\u0148ovali a mazali sme s\u00fabory a prie\u010dinky. Tie\u017e sme si uk\u00e1zali, ako sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa z\u00e1stupn\u00e9 znaky, lomen\u00e9 z\u00e1tvorky a zvisl\u00e1 \u010diara. No a aby sme cel\u00e9 p\u00edsanie ur\u00fdchlili, stl\u00e1\u010dali sme kl\u00e1vesov\u00e9 skratky. Nakoniec sme si uviedli kvalitn\u00fd zdroj \u010fal\u0161ieho podrobn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fadia oh\u013eadom prezentovan\u00fdch ale aj nespom\u00ednan\u00fdch pr\u00edkazov.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Linuxov\u00fd pr\u00edkazov\u00fd riadok (shell) WebSupport pre svoj hosting poskytuje ako SSH alebo webov\u00fa konzolu, v ktorej m\u00f4\u017eeme pracova\u0165 pomocou modern\u00e9ho webov\u00e9ho prehliada\u010da ako je napr\u00edklad Google Chrome, alebo Mozilla Firefox. Tento n\u00e1vod m\u00f4\u017eete takisto pou\u017ei\u0165 pre pou\u017e\u00edvanie linuxov\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu aj na serverov\u00fdch a cloud slu\u017eb\u00e1ch. Pr\u00e1ve pou\u017eit\u00edm webov\u00e9ho prehliada\u010da…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"ht-kb-category":[33],"ht-kb-tag":[336,330,92],"class_list":["post-17517","ht_kb","type-ht_kb","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","ht_kb_category-servery","ht_kb_tag-cli","ht_kb_tag-linux","ht_kb_tag-shell"],"yoast_head":"\nZ\u00e1klady pr\u00e1ce so s\u00fabormi a prie\u010dinkami v linuxovom pr\u00edkazovom riadku shell - Websupport centrum podpory<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/podpora\/kb\/zaklady-prace-so-subormi-a-priecinkami-v-linuxovom-prikazovom-riadku-shell\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Z\u00e1klady pr\u00e1ce so s\u00fabormi a prie\u010dinkami v linuxovom pr\u00edkazovom riadku shell - Websupport centrum podpory\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Linuxov\u00fd pr\u00edkazov\u00fd riadok (shell) WebSupport pre svoj hosting poskytuje ako SSH alebo webov\u00fa konzolu, v ktorej m\u00f4\u017eeme pracova\u0165 pomocou modern\u00e9ho webov\u00e9ho prehliada\u010da ako je napr\u00edklad Google Chrome, alebo Mozilla Firefox. 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