{"id":6999,"date":"2015-11-03T14:10:25","date_gmt":"2015-11-03T13:10:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/blog\/?p=6999"},"modified":"2025-03-11T21:06:36","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T20:06:36","slug":"urobili-sme-4-dolezite-kroky-pre-zlepsenie-kvality-sluzieb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/blog\/2015\/11\/urobili-sme-4-dolezite-kroky-pre-zlepsenie-kvality-sluzieb\/","title":{"rendered":"Urobili sme 4 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 kroky pre zlep\u0161enie kvality slu\u017eieb"},"content":{"rendered":"Doba \u010d\u00edtania:<\/b><\/span> 6<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>

N\u00e1vrat ku kvalite. Tri slov\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa aktu\u00e1lne najfrekventovanej\u0161ie v celej firme. Od helpdesku a\u017e po marketing si je ka\u017ed\u00fd vedom\u00fd, \u010do sa od neho o\u010dak\u00e1va. Dnes v\u00e1m prin\u00e1\u0161ame \u010fal\u0161\u00ed blogpost o tom, ako pokra\u010duj\u00fa pr\u00e1ce na zlep\u0161ovan\u00ed dostupnosti hostingov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb.<\/p>\n

1. Z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00e9 pripojenie do Cogentu<\/h3>\n

Probl\u00e9m:<\/strong> S\u00edce zdvojen\u00e1 konektivita, ale od jedn\u00e9ho poskytovate\u013ea.
\nRie\u0161enie: <\/strong>Ma\u0165 konektivitu aj od in\u00e9ho poskytovate\u013ea, ide\u00e1lne nadn\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

U\u017e pred letom sme sa rozhodli, \u017ee okrem klasick\u00e9ho pripojenia v d\u00e1tovom centre od n\u00e1\u0161ho poskytovate\u013ea Lightstorm a jeho z\u00e1lo\u017enej trasy mus\u00edme ma\u0165 aj \u010fal\u0161ie pripojenia do internetu. S\u00edce na\u0161e linky boli \u0161tandardne zdvojen\u00e9, ale neochr\u00e1nilo n\u00e1s to od mo\u017en\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov priamo u poskytovate\u013ea alebo v peeringovom centre. Mno\u017estvo klientov a dostupnos\u0165 slu\u017eieb, ktor\u00e9 prev\u00e1dzkujeme, s\u00fa prive\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby sme v pr\u00edpade nedostupnosti poskytovate\u013ea kontektivity boli vystaven\u00ed probl\u00e9mom.<\/p>\n

Cie\u013eom bolo pripoji\u0165 na\u0161u infra\u0161trukt\u00faru k \u010fal\u0161iemu poskytovate\u013eovi konektivity tak, aby sp\u013a\u0148ala nieko\u013eko podmienok:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Konektivita mus\u00ed zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 be\u017en\u00fa denn\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku.<\/li>\n
  • Okrem be\u017enej prev\u00e1dzky mus\u00ed zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 aj n\u00e1razov\u00e9 v\u00fdkyvy, teda mus\u00ed ma\u0165 dostato\u010dn\u00fa kapacitu.<\/li>\n
  • Poskytovate\u013e je nadn\u00e1rodn\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 je priamo pripojen\u00e1 mimo slovensk\u00e9ho peeringov\u00e9ho centra SIX. Teda, aby sme v pr\u00edpade probl\u00e9mov v samotnom SIXe<\/strong> boli st\u00e1le online.<\/li>\n
  • Prechod prev\u00e1dzky medzi r\u00f4znymi poskytovate\u013emi a trasamimus\u00ed by\u0165 \u00a0\u010do najplynulej\u0161\u00ed s v\u00fdpadkami v sekund\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Rozhodli sme sa nakoniec pripoji\u0165 do siete Cogent, ktor\u00e1 sp\u013a\u0148ala v\u0161etky nami po\u017eadovan\u00e9 podmienky, a konektivita od tejto spolo\u010dnosti bola priamo dostupn\u00e1 v d\u00e1tovom centre. <\/strong><\/p>\n

    \"image00\"<\/p>\n

    Pripojenie sme testovali v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch f\u00e1zach: Simulovali sme vypadnutie prim\u00e1rnej aj sekund\u00e1rnej linky od Lightstormu, merali sme \u010dasy na aktiv\u00e1ciu z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00e9ho pripojenia a v neposlednej rade sme sk\u00fasili viac ako 24-hodinov\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku po\u010das be\u017en\u00e9ho pracovn\u00e9ho d\u0148a. V auguste ste si tak mohli v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee na\u0161e servery nie s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 cez klasick\u00e9 trasy:<\/p>\n

    \"GGG\"<\/p>\n

    ale cez trasy cez pripojenie od Cogentu:<\/p>\n

    \"Sn\u00edmka<\/p>\n

    \"Sn\u00edmka<\/p>\n

    2. Nov\u00e1 verzia Open vSwitch<\/h3>\n

    Probl\u00e9m: <\/strong>Padaj\u00face blade-y sp\u00f4sobovali v\u00fdpadky slu\u017eieb.
    \nRie\u0161enie:<\/strong> Zistenie pr\u00ed\u010diny v\u00fdpadku, aktualiz\u00e1cia chybn\u00e9ho komponentu – Open vSwitch.<\/p>\n

    Po\u010das leta sme narazili na probl\u00e9m, pri ktorom n\u00e1m v n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch intervaloch medzi 60 a\u017e 90 d\u0148ami padali blade servery – bez jasn\u00e9ho vysvetlenia a spolo\u010dn\u00fdch znakov. Blade servery spolu s diskov\u00fdm po\u013eom NetApp<\/strong> tvoria srdce infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, tak\u017ee v\u00fdpadok blade servera sa v\u017edy podp\u00edsal na nedostupnosti niektor\u00fdch slu\u017eieb. T\u00fdm, \u017ee sme nevedeli chybu simulova\u0165, museli sme \u010daka\u0165 na jej op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 spustenie v produkcii. Aby sme odhalili, \u010do sa presne stalo, nasadili sme tzv. Linux Crash Kernel, ktor\u00fd v pr\u00edpade p\u00e1du syst\u00e9mu zachyt\u00ed aktu\u00e1lny stav. Postupne sme pomocou Linux Crash Kernelu vysledovali, \u017ee blade servery padaj\u00fa na virtu\u00e1lnom switchi Open vSwitch a nasadili sme jeho opraven\u00fa verziu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    3. Z CFEngine na SaltStack<\/h3>\n

    Probl\u00e9m:<\/strong> Zlo\u017eit\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pre konfigura\u010dn\u00fd mana\u017ement a jeho neob\u013e\u00fabenos\u0165.
    \nRie\u0161enie:<\/strong> V\u00fdber nov\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroja demokratick\u00fdm procesom a jeho postupn\u00e1 implement\u00e1cia.<\/p>\n

    Jednou zo skryt\u00fdch pr\u00e1c, ktor\u00e9 sme zapo\u010dali v lete po dlh\u00fdch diskusi\u00e1ch, bol prechod z konfig. mana\u017ementu CFEngine<\/strong> na SaltStack<\/strong>. Po dlhej diskusii sme usporiadali s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e v r\u00e1mci IT t\u00edmu o novom konfig. mana\u017emente, kde sme stanovili krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 a ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u00edmu mal vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 jeden n\u00e1stroj, sp\u00edsa\u0165 jeho v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody, vytvori\u0165 vzorov\u00e9 zadanie a n\u00e1sledne sme po\u010das hlasovania vybrali n\u00e1stupcu CFEngine. CFEngine ako n\u00e1stroj sa neosved\u010dil ako \u00faplne vhodn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

    Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee aj napriek tomu, \u017ee je nap\u00edsan\u00fd v C jazyku, tak je relat\u00edvne n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd na \u010d\u00edtanie z diskov, \u010do pri rozsahu n\u00e1\u0161ho vyu\u017eitia nad centr\u00e1lnym po\u013eom sp\u00f4sobovalo n\u00e1razov\u00fa z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e. Postupom \u010dasu sa v\u010faka jeho zlo\u017eitosti za\u010dala zhor\u0161ova\u0165 kvalita n\u00e1\u0161ho k\u00f3du a celkovo n\u00e1stroj nebol ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fd v t\u00edme. Pou\u010den\u00ed z ch\u00fdb sme sa rozhodli teda postupne presun\u00fa\u0165 automatiz\u00e1ciu infra\u0161trukt\u00fary na nov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie postaven\u00e9 nad SaltStackom.<\/p>\n

    Treba v\u0161ak st\u00e1le ma\u0165 na pam\u00e4ti, \u017ee n\u00e1stroj na automatiz\u00e1ciu je iba tak dobr\u00fd, ako je jeho k\u00f3d. O SaltStacku e\u0161te ur\u010dite nap\u00ed\u0161eme viac. Ak by ste v\u0161ak nevedeli vydr\u017ea\u0165, m\u00f4\u017eete si zatia\u013e pozrie\u0165 aspo\u0148 slidy z predn\u00e1\u0161ky n\u00e1\u0161ho kolegu, ktor\u00fa mal na DevStars.cz v Brne 19.okt\u00f3bra.<\/p>\n

    4. Presun hostingov na dedik\u00e1\u010de<\/h3>\n

    Probl\u00e9m:<\/strong> Prev\u00e1dzka hostingov nad centr\u00e1lnym diskov\u00fdm po\u013eom nie je ide\u00e1lna, \u010do sa t\u00fdka r\u00fdchlosti ani stability.
    \nRie\u0161enie:<\/strong> Postupn\u00fd presun hostingov na dedikovan\u00e9 SSD servery.<\/p>\n

    Poslednou ve\u013ekou zmenou, ktor\u00fa u\u017e spom\u00ednal Michal vo svojom blogposte, je presun hostingov z centralizovan\u00e9ho diskov\u00e9ho po\u013ea na samostatn\u00e9 dedikovan\u00e9 servery. Rozhodli sme sa tak po dlh\u00fdch v\u00e1haniach, ke\u010f\u017ee centr\u00e1lne rie\u0161enie malo mno\u017estvo v\u00fdhod (ale aj nev\u00fdhod). Centralizovan\u00e9 rie\u0161enie a pr\u00edstup k s\u00faborom cez NFS protokol sa neuk\u00e1zalo ako vhodn\u00e9 a prinieslo viac probl\u00e9mov ako radosti.<\/p>\n

    Na\u0161e nov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie je postaven\u00e9 na 1U serveroch s \u010disto SSD diskami v raidz2 (obdoba raid6), 64 alebo 128GB RAM, najnov\u0161\u00edmi 6-jadrov\u00fdmi CPU – Intel Xeon 2620v3 a Ubuntu Linuxom. Technicky zdatnej\u0161\u00ed si mohli v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee na serveroch pou\u017e\u00edvame s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ZFS, ktor\u00fd n\u00e1m zabezpe\u010duje pravideln\u00e9 konzistentn\u00e9 z\u00e1lohy pomocou snapshotov<\/strong> a ich replik\u00e1ciu na backup serveri, odkia\u013e ich vieme v pr\u00edpade fat\u00e1lneho zlyhania serveru „posla\u0165“ v priebehu p\u00e1r desiatok min\u00fat na n\u00e1hradn\u00fd server a tak obnovi\u0165 prev\u00e1dzku.<\/p>\n

    Toto rie\u0161enie z poh\u013eadu biznis kontinuity poskytuje najlep\u0161\u00ed pomer medzi pravdepodobnos\u0165ou v\u00fdpadku servera, jeho dopadom na prev\u00e1dzku a \u010dasom na obnovu slu\u017eby v pr\u00edpade fat\u00e1lneho zlyhania.<\/p>\n

    V\u010faka zmene architekt\u00fary a nasaden\u00edm OPCache v PHP sme dok\u00e1zali zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 na\u010d\u00edtania str\u00e1nok na najr\u00fdchlej\u0161iu mo\u017en\u00fa \u00farove\u0148, viac ako 99% po\u017eiadaviek ide z pam\u00e4te serverov a v pr\u00edpade potreby \u010d\u00edtania z diskov vieme na jednotliv\u00fdch serveroch z\u00edska\u0165 desiatky tis\u00edc IOPS.<\/p>\n

    \"CR_8jznVEAErjIb\"
    \nV t\u00fdchto d\u0148och sa venujeme tvorbe nov\u00e9ho srdca OpenStack syst\u00e9mu a budovaniu novej farmy pre datab\u00e1zy,<\/strong> ktor\u00e1 je ve\u013emi podobn\u00e1 u\u017e spomenutej architekt\u00fare pre webov\u00e9 servery. Radi by sme v\u00e1m postupne prin\u00e1\u0161ali aj kraj\u0161\u00ed a nov\u0161\u00ed WebAdmin, do ktor\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja sa dnes m\u00f4\u017eete zapoji\u0165, sme otvoren\u00ed n\u00e1padom na vylep\u0161enia.<\/p>\n

    [mc4wp_form]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    N\u00e1vrat ku kvalite. Tri slov\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa aktu\u00e1lne najfrekventovanej\u0161ie v celej firme. Od helpdesku a\u017e po marketing si je ka\u017ed\u00fd vedom\u00fd, \u010do sa od neho o\u010dak\u00e1va. Dnes v\u00e1m prin\u00e1\u0161ame \u010fal\u0161\u00ed blogpost o tom, ako pokra\u010duj\u00fa pr\u00e1ce na zlep\u0161ovan\u00ed dostupnosti hostingov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb. 1. Z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00e9 pripojenie do Cogentu Probl\u00e9m: S\u00edce zdvojen\u00e1 konektivita, ale od jedn\u00e9ho poskytovate\u013ea. Rie\u0161enie: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":119,"featured_media":7004,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,11],"tags":[164,732,747,956],"class_list":["post-6999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technologie","category-zakulisie","tag-cogent","tag-rychlost","tag-server","tag-websupport"],"yoast_head":"\nUrobili sme 4 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 kroky pre zlep\u0161enie kvality slu\u017eieb - Websupport blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/blog\/2015\/11\/urobili-sme-4-dolezite-kroky-pre-zlepsenie-kvality-sluzieb\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Urobili sme 4 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 kroky pre zlep\u0161enie kvality slu\u017eieb - Websupport blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"N\u00e1vrat ku kvalite. 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