{"id":6736,"date":"2015-09-21T19:51:32","date_gmt":"2015-09-21T17:51:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/blog\/?p=6736"},"modified":"2025-03-11T21:06:33","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T20:06:33","slug":"ako-sme-zrychlili-vykon-webov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/blog\/2015\/09\/ako-sme-zrychlili-vykon-webov\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako sme zr\u00fdchlili v\u00fdkon webov"},"content":{"rendered":"Doba \u010d\u00edtania:<\/b><\/span> 5<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>

Koncom m\u00e1ja 2015 sme za\u010dali h\u013eada\u0165 alternat\u00edvne rie\u0161enie pre glob\u00e1lnu vyrovn\u00e1vaciu pam\u00e4\u0165 na \u00farovni webservera. D\u00f4vodom bolo, \u017ee dovtedy pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 Xcache nepracovala pod z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eou celkom ide\u00e1lne a vn\u00e1\u0161ala do syst\u00e9mu nestabilitu. Rozhodli sme sa pre OPcache, ktor\u00e1 je od verzie 5.5.0 \u0161tandardnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou PHP, \u010do predpovedalo dobr\u00fa podporu a akt\u00edvny v\u00fdvoj v bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n

Pred hromadn\u00fdm nasaden\u00edm tejto pomerne v\u00fdraznej zmeny sme museli vykona\u0165 mno\u017estvo testov \u2013 overovali sme kompatibilitu s najviac pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi redak\u010dn\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami, syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 n\u00e1roky novej cache, jej optim\u00e1lne nastavenia a nakoniec v\u00fdsledn\u00fd dopad na r\u00fdchlos\u0165 na\u010d\u00edtavania webov. R\u00fdchlos\u0165 je napokon d\u00f4vodom pre jej pou\u017e\u00edvanie, preto sme ju nemohli zanedba\u0165.<\/p>\n

Ako cache vyu\u017ei\u0165 na svojom hostingu?<\/h3>\n

Vyrovn\u00e1vacia pam\u00e4\u0165 OPcache je automaticky akt\u00edvna pre v\u0161etky hostingy na novej architekt\u00fare, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa PHP verzie 5.4 a vy\u0161\u0161ie. Odpor\u00fa\u010dame v\u0161ak zv\u00fd\u0161enie PHP verzie na 5.6, \u010d\u00edm m\u00f4\u017eete svoj web posun\u00fa\u0165 do \u013eavej \u010dasti grafu. Upozor\u0148ujeme v\u0161ak, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 weby, najm\u00e4 star\u0161ie redak\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, m\u00f4\u017eu pod vy\u0161\u0161ou PHP verziou zobrazova\u0165 chyby na str\u00e1nke. Ak je toto v\u00e1\u0161 pr\u00edpad, m\u00f4\u017eete sa rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 pre upgrade svojho webu alebo verziu prehodi\u0165 sp\u00e4\u0165 na p\u00f4vodn\u00fa. Pozrite\u00a0si n\u00e1vod na zmenu PHP verzie<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Naopak, pokia\u013e by v\u00e1m OPcache vo v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch prek\u00e1\u017eala, m\u00f4\u017eete ju pre svoj hosting deaktivova\u0165 pridan\u00edm nasleduj\u00faceho riadka do s\u00faboru .htaccess:<\/p>\n

php_value opcache.enable 0<\/em><\/p>\n

Metodika merania<\/h3>\n

D\u013a\u017eku odozvy sme merali na WordPress webe naplnenom testovac\u00edmi d\u00e1tami z http:\/\/wptest.io\/<\/a>. Ka\u017ed\u00fa kombin\u00e1ciu PHP verzie a cache mechanizmu sme za\u0165a\u017eili 10-tis\u00edc na\u010d\u00edtaniami, ktor\u00e9 be\u017eali paralelne v piatich vl\u00e1knach. Pomerne vysok\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo na\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed sme zvolili, aby sme mali dostato\u010dne reprezentat\u00edvnu vzorku d\u00e1t. Naopak, po\u010det s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch spojen\u00ed sme obmedzili \u2013 pri vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch hodnot\u00e1ch (15 a viac) boli v\u00fdsledky skreslen\u00e9, preto\u017ee sme nar\u00e1\u017eali na MaxClients limit zdie\u013ean\u00e9ho hostingu (je vhodn\u00e9 podotkn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee v\u0161etky merania prebiehali na produk\u010dnom webserveri a testovan\u00e1 str\u00e1nka be\u017eala zarovno s ostatn\u00fdmi webmi \u2013 cie\u013eom bolo \u010do najviac sa pribl\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 v\u00fdsledkom v re\u00e1lnej prev\u00e1dzke).<\/p>\n

V na\u0161om meran\u00ed ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa testy pre OPcache vo verzii PHP 5.3. D\u00f4vodom je, \u017ee roz\u0161\u00edrenie bolo vyv\u00edjan\u00e9 prim\u00e1rne pre PHP 5.5 a vy\u0161\u0161ie, do star\u0161\u00edch verzi\u00ed bolo backportnut\u00e9. V pr\u00edpade PHP 5.4 sme e\u0161te dosahovali stabilne dobr\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky, no na odpor\u00fa\u010danie v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov sme OPcache do PHP 5.3 nenasadili.<\/p>\n

Ako OPcache funguje<\/b><\/h3>\n

OPcache je vyrovn\u00e1vacia pam\u00e4\u0165 zo skupiny \u2018opcode cache\u2019, zameriava sa teda na ulo\u017eenie skompilovan\u00e9ho PHP k\u00f3du do opera\u010dnej pam\u00e4te, odkia\u013e je jeho op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 na\u010d\u00edtanie ve\u013emi r\u00fdchle. Taktie\u017e v\u0161ak analyzuje, deduplikuje a optimalizuje samotn\u00fd PHP k\u00f3d a\u017e na \u00farove\u0148 slov (n\u00e1zvy funkci\u00ed, premenn\u00fdch at\u010f.), v \u010dom je jej \u010fal\u0161ia siln\u00e1 str\u00e1nka. Verili by ste napr\u00edklad, \u017ee ve\u013ekos\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch r\u00f4znych slov v PHP k\u00f3de z cel\u00e9ho webservera nepresiahne 150 MB? \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ou vlastnos\u0165ou OPcache je absencia garbage collectora \u2013 alokovan\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165 neuvo\u013e\u0148uje a\u017e do svojho re\u0161tartu. Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead m\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o nev\u00fdhodu, preto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd web sa dostane do cache po prvom nav\u0161t\u00edven\u00ed a u\u017e ju neopust\u00ed. Pr\u00ednos prich\u00e1dza v podobe stability \u2013 ke\u010f\u017ee cache sa neuvo\u013e\u0148uje, nevznikaj\u00fa v nej \u201ediery\u201d, ktor\u00e9 by boli nesk\u00f4r iba \u010diasto\u010dne zap\u013a\u0148an\u00e9 nov\u00fdm k\u00f3dom. Pri extr\u00e9mnej z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ei nedoch\u00e1dza ku segmenta\u010dn\u00fdm chyb\u00e1m pam\u00e4te, s ktor\u00fdmi sme mali sk\u00fasenos\u0165 pr\u00e1ve v pr\u00edpade Xcache.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si aj v\u00fdborn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok na t\u00e9mu fungovania OPcache<\/a> priamo od jedn\u00e9ho z v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov PHP jazyka.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky nasadenia OPcache<\/b><\/h3>\n

Po nasaden\u00ed OPcache sme zaznamenali zn\u00ed\u017eenie priemernej odozvy testovan\u00fdch webov, z \u010doho vypl\u00fdval krat\u0161\u00ed \u010das ich na\u010d\u00edtavania. Na nasleduj\u00facom grafe s\u00fa \u017eltou farbou zn\u00e1zornen\u00e9 \u010dasy odozvy s Xcache, zelenou farbou s OPcache.<\/p>\n

\"Selection_074\"<\/p>\n

Po zozbieran\u00ed d\u00e1t z re\u00e1lnej prev\u00e1dzky sme boli milo prekvapen\u00ed v\u00fdsledkami \u2013 \u010das odozvy webov na novej architekt\u00fare sa v priemere zn\u00ed\u017eil o 36 %. K najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu zlep\u0161eniu pri\u0161lo v r\u00e1mci verzie PHP 5.6, ktorej odozvy s\u00fa v priemere r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie o 41 %. <\/strong><\/p>\n

Okrem zv\u00fd\u0161enia r\u00fdchlosti na\u010d\u00edtavania sme tie\u017e dosiahli vy\u0161\u0161iu stabilitu priemern\u00fdch \u010dasov na\u010d\u00edtania \u2013 v\u00fdkyvy s\u00fa oproti Xcache omnoho men\u0161ie a ojedinel\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Nasleduj\u00faci graf zobrazuje celkov\u00e9 percento t\u00fdch na\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed webovej str\u00e1nky, ktor\u00e9 boli krat\u0161ie ako \u010das na osi x, pri\u010dom ka\u017ed\u00e1 l\u00ednia zodpoved\u00e1 inej kombin\u00e1cii PHP verzie a cache mechanizmu. M\u00f4\u017eeme napr\u00edklad vidie\u0165, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 z 10-tis\u00edc na\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed str\u00e1nky pod PHP 5.6 a OPcache bolo krat\u0161ie ako cca 1000 milisek\u00fand. No pod PHP 5.3 bez cache trvali niektor\u00e9 na\u010d\u00edtania aj 2,5 sekundy.<\/p>\n

\"%<\/p>\n

V ka\u017edej PHP verzii priniesla pr\u00e1ve OPcache najlep\u0161ie v\u00fdsledky \u2013 skupina modr\u00fdch l\u00edni\u00ed sa nach\u00e1dza \u00faplne v\u013eavo, s medi\u00e1nom na\u010d\u00edtania str\u00e1nky cca 500 a\u017e 550 milisek\u00fand. Oproti oran\u017eov\u00fdm l\u00edni\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 patria Xcache, je zr\u00fdchlenie vidite\u013en\u00e9. Z poh\u013eadu testovan\u00fdch PHP verzi\u00ed dopadlo celkovo najhor\u0161ie PHP 5.3, ktor\u00e9 je aj s Xcache pomal\u0161ie ako ostatn\u00e9 verzie bez akejko\u013evek cache.<\/p>\n

Pozit\u00edvnym efektom bolo aj zn\u00ed\u017eenie priemernej z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee webserverov. Na sledovanej vzorke strojov kleslo zo 70 \u2013 85 % na 55 \u2013 65 %<\/strong>. Ke\u010f\u017ee OPcache sa postar\u00e1 o na\u010d\u00edtanie optimalizovan\u00e9ho a skompilovan\u00e9ho PHP k\u00f3du z opera\u010dnej pam\u00e4te, iba minimum po\u017eiadaviek je nanovo sprac\u00favan\u00fdch pod PHP. Weby tak z\u00edskali viac v\u00fdkonu, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017eu vyu\u017ei\u0165 na obsl\u00fa\u017eenie vy\u0161\u0161ieho po\u010dtu n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkov s\u00fa\u010dasne.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Koncom m\u00e1ja 2015 sme za\u010dali h\u013eada\u0165 alternat\u00edvne rie\u0161enie pre glob\u00e1lnu vyrovn\u00e1vaciu pam\u00e4\u0165 na \u00farovni webservera. D\u00f4vodom bolo, \u017ee dovtedy pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 Xcache nepracovala pod z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eou celkom ide\u00e1lne a vn\u00e1\u0161ala do syst\u00e9mu nestabilitu. Rozhodli sme sa pre OPcache, ktor\u00e1 je od verzie 5.5.0 \u0161tandardnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou PHP, \u010do predpovedalo dobr\u00fa podporu a akt\u00edvny v\u00fdvoj v bud\u00facnosti. Pred hromadn\u00fdm […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":6727,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,11],"tags":[13,133,349,503,545,606,638,673,732,733,890,951,956,973],"class_list":["post-6736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technologie","category-zakulisie","tag-htaccess","tag-cache","tag-hosting","tag-metodika","tag-najrychlejsie","tag-opcashe","tag-php","tag-pomale-weby","tag-rychlost","tag-rychlost-stranky","tag-upgrade","tag-webove-stranky","tag-websupport","tag-xcashe"],"yoast_head":"\nAko sme zr\u00fdchlili v\u00fdkon webov - Websupport blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/blog\/2015\/09\/ako-sme-zrychlili-vykon-webov\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ako sme zr\u00fdchlili v\u00fdkon webov - Websupport blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Koncom m\u00e1ja 2015 sme za\u010dali h\u013eada\u0165 alternat\u00edvne rie\u0161enie pre glob\u00e1lnu vyrovn\u00e1vaciu pam\u00e4\u0165 na \u00farovni webservera. D\u00f4vodom bolo, \u017ee dovtedy pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 Xcache nepracovala pod z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eou celkom ide\u00e1lne a vn\u00e1\u0161ala do syst\u00e9mu nestabilitu. Rozhodli sme sa pre OPcache, ktor\u00e1 je od verzie 5.5.0 \u0161tandardnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou PHP, \u010do predpovedalo dobr\u00fa podporu a akt\u00edvny v\u00fdvoj v bud\u00facnosti. 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