{"id":20640,"date":"2020-09-04T09:47:36","date_gmt":"2020-09-04T07:47:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/blog\/?p=20640"},"modified":"2025-03-11T21:07:49","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T20:07:49","slug":"openstack-oslavuje-10-rokov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.websupport.sk\/blog\/2020\/09\/openstack-oslavuje-10-rokov\/","title":{"rendered":"OpenStack – vsadili sme na\u0148 u\u017e pred 7 rokmi. Dnes oslavuje 10 rokov"},"content":{"rendered":"Doba \u010d\u00edtania:<\/b><\/span> 9<\/span> min.<\/span><\/span>\n

OpenStack tento rok osl\u00e1vi svoje desiate narodeniny. WebSupport na\u0148 pred 7 rokmi vsadil a serverov\u00e9 produkty ako Virtu\u00e1lny server (VPS), Virtu\u00e1lne d\u00e1tov\u00e9 centrum (VDC) a Private cloud s\u00fa postaven\u00e9 pr\u00e1ve na \u0148om.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00fdm z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed vo WebSupporte je Peter Slov\u00e1k<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd p\u00f4sob\u00ed ako IT Architect<\/strong> a o OpenStacku n\u00e1m porozpr\u00e1val viac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u010co je to OpenStack?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

OpenStack<\/a> s\u00e1m seba ozna\u010duje za \u201ccloudov\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m\u201d. Ide o skupinu projektov<\/a>, z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00fd rie\u0161i ist\u00fa oblas\u0165 prev\u00e1dzky, ist\u00fa technol\u00f3giu a ako celok tvoria kompletn\u00fa platformu pre prev\u00e1dzkovanie cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb<\/strong>. Napr\u00edklad projekt Nova <\/em>zoskup\u00ed dostupn\u00e9 CPU a RAM zo serverov, kde be\u017e\u00ed; projekt Cinder <\/em>zase zoskup\u00ed dostupn\u00fd diskov\u00fd priestor. A spolu v\u00e1m umo\u017enia z t\u00fdchto zdrojov vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 virtu\u00e1lne servery. Ak sa rozhodnete pre \u010fal\u0161iu funkcionalitu, m\u00e1te mo\u017enos\u0165 doin\u0161talova\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie projekty. OpenStack teda predstavuje ak\u00fasi abstrakciu nad hardv\u00e9rov\u00fdmi zdrojmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Idea vznikla v roku 2010 spolupr\u00e1cou medzi firmou Rackspace a NASA<\/strong>. Rackspace je dodnes popredn\u00fdm poskytovate\u013eom mana\u017eovanej OpenStack platformy, integr\u00e1torom a prispievate\u013eom do k\u00f3du. U\u017e po p\u00e1r rokoch z\u00edskal projekt mnoho podporovate\u013eov<\/strong> – ako open-source nad\u0161encov, tak aj korpor\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 mali z\u00e1ujem o vlastn\u00fd open-source cloud. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti patria medzi najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch pou\u017eivate\u013eov telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed oper\u00e1tori, poskytovatelia cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb, ale aj celosvetov\u00e9 firmy, ktor\u00e9 prev\u00e1dzkuj\u00fa vlastn\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru ako napr. Intel a PayPal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vo WebSupporte pou\u017e\u00edvame OpenStack v hybridnom re\u017eime – be\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1m na \u0148om \u010das\u0165 internej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary a tie\u017e ho prostredn\u00edctvom produktov ako VPS<\/a> a VDC<\/a> poskytujeme z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kedy si sa po prv\u00fd raz stretol s OpenStackom?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Samozrejme vo WebSupporte, kde ho priniesol b\u00fdval\u00fd kolega Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u010corej ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 prechodu na nov\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru. V r\u00e1mci tejto zmeny sa prekopali hostingy, maily, datab\u00e1zy aj VPS-k\u00e1 a v\u0161etko be\u017ealo na platforme virtu\u00e1lnych serverov pod OpenStackom. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee v tej dobe sme boli prvou a jedinou v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou firmou, ktor\u00e1 OpenStack pou\u017e\u00edvala<\/strong>, minim\u00e1lne v kruhoch service providerov<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dovtedy sme virtu\u00e1lne servery pre z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov vytv\u00e1rali manu\u00e1lne spojen\u00edm technol\u00f3gi\u00ed ako GlusterFS, LVM, iSCSI a Xen. Proces trval v z\u00e1vislosti od dostupnosti adminov aj nieko\u013eko hod\u00edn a funkcie ako snapshoty, konzola v admin rozhran\u00ed alebo zmena parametrov by ste h\u013eadali m\u00e1rne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f n\u00e1m senior admini odprezentovali OpenStack Dashboard, kde ste si vedeli \u201cvyklika\u0165\u201d VPS zo z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch prvkov, pripadalo n\u00e1m to ako z\u00e1zrak. Developeri sa hne\u010f chytili mo\u017enosti pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 Openstack API a virtu\u00e1lne servery sa odvtedy vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa r\u00e1dovo v jednotk\u00e1ch min\u00fat. Do projektu som sa zapojil cca o rok-dva nesk\u00f4r a hne\u010f som zistil, \u017ee priestoru na rozvoj je neobmedzene – OpenStack u\u017e vtedy naberal na obr\u00e1tkach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ide o open-source projekt, zapojil si sa do v\u00fdvoja?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

OpenStack m\u00e1 pomerne komplikovan\u00fd v\u00fdvojov\u00fd a schva\u013eovac\u00ed proces<\/strong>. To je pri tis\u00edcoch developeroch z cel\u00e9ho sveta zrejme nutnos\u0165ou, ak chcete zachova\u0165 kvalitu k\u00f3du<\/strong>. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina mojich pr\u00edspevkov je v podobe bugreportov, ktor\u00fdch za tie roky nebolo m\u00e1lo. Treba v\u0161ak uzna\u0165, \u017ee komunita a maintaineri projektov s\u00fa ve\u013emi ochotn\u00ed vyrie\u0161i\u0165 v\u00e1\u0161 probl\u00e9m<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak by sa niekto chcel sta\u0165 pravideln\u00fdm prispievate\u013eom do OpenStack k\u00f3du, samozrejme sa to d\u00e1 a je to len o zvyku. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 zmena v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje ve\u013ea pl\u00e1novania, komunik\u00e1cie s maintainermi projektu, schva\u013eovania a testovania. Ur\u010dite to nie je z\u00e1bavka na vyplnenie p\u00e1r vo\u013en\u00fdch hod\u00edn raz do mesiaca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do OpenStack k\u00f3du sme prispeli iba raz – v \u010dase, ke\u010f sme ho e\u0161te pou\u017e\u00edvali aj na mana\u017ement LXD kontajnerov (popri KVM virtualiz\u00e1cii, na ktorej be\u017eia z\u00e1kazn\u00edcke VPS). Potrebovali sme kontajnerom limitova\u0165 diskov\u00fd a sie\u0165ov\u00fd IO bandwidth, aby sa navz\u00e1jom \u010do najmenej ovplyv\u0148ovali. V\u010faka open-source povahe projektu a detailnej dokument\u00e1cii bola implement\u00e1cia vecou nieko\u013ek\u00fdch hod\u00edn<\/strong>. Kv\u00f4li spom\u00ednan\u00fdm procesom sa v\u0161ak na\u0161a feature dostala do stabiln\u00e9ho releasu a\u017e o cca 8 mesiacov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pre\u010do si WebSupport vybral pr\u00e1ve OpenStack, ke\u010f to bol e\u0161te nov\u00fd projekt?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na toto neviem s ur\u010ditos\u0165ou odpoveda\u0165, preto\u017ee som nebol pri rozhodovacom procese. No ak staviate vlastn\u00fd on-premise cloud a nov\u00fd hardv\u00e9r u\u017e zhltol cel\u00fd rozpo\u010det, ve\u013ea alternat\u00edv k OpenStacku nem\u00e1te. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee v tej dobe to bola jedin\u00e1 otvoren\u00e1 platforma, ktor\u00e1 pracovala s full virtualiz\u00e1ciou (teda nie s kontajnermi ako napr. OpenVZ) a obrovsk\u00fdm plusom bol aj open-source charakter projektu. Pri komer\u010dn\u00fdch vendoroch ste odk\u00e1zan\u00ed na featury a \u00farove\u0148 podpory, ak\u00e9 ste si zaplatili a nejde o mal\u00e9 \u010diastky. OpenStack s\u00edce zodpovednos\u0165 pren\u00e1\u0161a na v\u00e1s, no umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00e1m vidie\u0165 a upravova\u0165 k\u00f3d, ktor\u00fd be\u017e\u00ed na va\u0161ich serveroch<\/strong>. T\u00fato mo\u017enos\u0165 sme ve\u013eakr\u00e1t vyu\u017eili.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako vyzer\u00e1 OpenStack infra\u0161trukt\u00fara?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vo WebSupporte sme za\u010dali pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm core projektov – Keystone na autentifik\u00e1ciu, Cinder na mana\u017ement diskov, Glance na mana\u017ement in\u0161tala\u010dn\u00fdch imagov, Nova pre compute, Neutron pre sie\u0165 a Horizon ako dashboard. V priebehu rokov sme pridali aj projekt Heat, ktor\u00fd zabezpe\u010duje orchestr\u00e1ciu (vytvorenie celej virtu\u00e1lnej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary pod\u013ea predpisu) a Manila, na ktorom stoj\u00ed produkt Storage as a Service<\/a>. Samozrejme aj konfigur\u00e1cie jednotliv\u00fdch projektov sa v \u010dase dos\u0165 menili, najm\u00e4, ke\u010f sme za\u010dali poskytova\u0165 VDC, alebo ke\u010f sme VPS servery pres\u00favali na nov\u00e9 storage pole. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti pou\u017e\u00edvame OpenStack v tzv. HA scen\u00e1ri<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9ho cie\u013eom je, aby v infra\u0161trukt\u00fare nebol jeden komponent, ktor\u00fd je nenahradite\u013en\u00fd. Mana\u017ement vrstvu tvoria tri rovnocenn\u00e9 Controller servery, intern\u00e9 VPS n\u00e1m be\u017eia na 6 Compute serveroch a z\u00e1kazn\u00edcke VPS moment\u00e1lne na 36 Compute serveroch<\/strong>. V\u0161etko je podporovan\u00e9 troma storage poliami, kde sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v\u0161etky d\u00e1ta – ak n\u00e1m napr\u00edklad \u201cod\u00edde\u201d Compute server, na ktorom be\u017eia z\u00e1kazn\u00edcke VPS, do nieko\u013ek\u00fdch min\u00fat ich vieme spusti\u0165 na zvy\u0161ku infra\u0161trukt\u00fary<\/strong>. Ve\u013ekou v\u00fdhodou tohto setupu je Live migr\u00e1cia<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje pres\u00fava\u0165 VPS medzi Compute servermi r\u00fdchlo a bez re\u0161tartu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010casto h\u013ead\u00e1me mo\u017enosti, ako n\u00e1\u0161 OpenStack zlep\u0161i\u0165 a prinies\u0165 do\u0148 nov\u00fa funkcionalitu. Pred p\u00e1r rokmi sa n\u00e1m podarilo kompletne prekonfigurova\u0165 Neutron projekt<\/a>, aby sme vo VPS mohli pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 tzv. overlay siete. To n\u00e1m umo\u017enilo prinies\u0165 z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom Virtu\u00e1lne d\u00e1tov\u00e9 centrum<\/a>. Ned\u00e1vno sme pripojili nov\u00e9, v\u00fdkonnej\u0161ie Compute servery, na ktor\u00e9 sme postupne za\u010dali migrova\u0165 z\u00e1kazn\u00edcke VPS servery. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa op\u00e4\u0165 zaober\u00e1me mo\u017en\u00fdm zlep\u0161en\u00edm networkingu, ktor\u00e9 by malo prinies\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon a stabilitu<\/strong>. Tie\u017e sk\u00famame prechod na openstack-ansible<\/a>, ktor\u00fd by umo\u017enil pravideln\u00e9 a bezv\u00fdpadkov\u00e9 upgrady<\/strong>. V neposlednom rade sa pripravujeme aj na postupn\u00e9 nahradenie storage pol\u00ed technol\u00f3giou Ceph<\/a>, ktor\u00e1 je tie\u017e open-source.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O OpenStack platformu sa v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti staraj\u00fa dvaja kolegovia zo slovensk\u00e9ho a ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho Admin t\u00edmu. Te\u0161\u00edme sa aj intern\u00e9mu z\u00e1ujmu zo strany 1st Line a 2nd Line supportu – aktu\u00e1lne be\u017e\u00ed u\u017e \u0161tvrt\u00fd cyklus firemn\u00fdch OpenStack \u0161kolen\u00ed<\/strong>. V\u010faka tomu m\u00e1me vy\u0161\u0161iu zastupite\u013enos\u0165 medzi administr\u00e1tormi, ktor\u00ed vedia v OpenStacku rie\u0161i\u0165 r\u00f4zne po\u017eiadavky a probl\u00e9my. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ide o komplexn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie. Kedy m\u00e1 zmysel, aby si na \u0148om firma postavila napr. priv\u00e1tny cloud?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pred p\u00e1r rokmi by som z\u00e1ujemcov odhov\u00e1ral a stra\u0161il zlo\u017eitou in\u0161tal\u00e1ciou a mana\u017ementom. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je okolo OpenStacku vybudovan\u00fd ekosyst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd sprav\u00ed v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu pr\u00e1ce za v\u00e1s. Napr\u00edklad openstack-ansible, na ktor\u00fd zva\u017eujeme migr\u00e1ciu aj my, je schopn\u00fd nain\u0161talova\u0165, nakonfigurova\u0165 a upgradova\u0165 cel\u00fa platformu iba po nastaven\u00ed najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch parametrov. Samozrejme, komplexitu OpenStacku to iba skr\u00fdva za \u010fal\u0161iu vrstvu a st\u00e1le m\u00e1te mo\u017enos\u0165 prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 veci do detailu. V\u00fdhodou s\u00fa \u201csensible defaults\u201d – u\u017e sa v\u00e1m nestane, \u017ee si sp\u00f4sob\u00edte v\u00fdpadok, ak zabudnete zmeni\u0165 nejak\u00fa obsk\u00farnu hodnotu spomenut\u00fa v mailing liste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vlastn\u00fd cloud v\u0161ak nie je pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho – ur\u010dite by som sa do\u0148 nep\u00fa\u0161\u0165al, ak nem\u00e1te \u0161pecifick\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na workload, nie ste n\u00faten\u00ed do d\u00e1tovej lokality, alebo si nie ste ist\u00ed, \u010di hardv\u00e9r potrebujete dlhodobo. Napriek teraz u\u017e jednoduchej in\u0161tal\u00e1cii ide st\u00e1le o open-source softv\u00e9r, kde v\u00e1m nik negarantuje uptime alebo celkov\u00fa funkcionalitu. Preto je k OpenStacku nutnos\u0165ou aj admin, ktor\u00fd sa o va\u0161e rie\u0161enie bude stara\u0165. O to viac, ak m\u00e1te \u0161pecifick\u00e9 potreby na compute, storage a networking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ktor\u00e9 z OpenStack projektov maj\u00fa pod\u013ea teba potenci\u00e1l?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ako \u010dloveka, ktor\u00e9ho zauj\u00edma networking, ma prirodzene pri\u0165ahuj\u00fa OpenStack projekty VPNaaS a FWaaS. Tie maj\u00fa za cie\u013e poskytova\u0165 z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom VPN server alebo komplexn\u00fd L4 firwall ako slu\u017ebu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve\u013emi zauj\u00edmav\u00fd je aj projekt Murano<\/a>, ktor\u00fd predstavuje ak\u00fdsi aplika\u010dn\u00fd katal\u00f3g – pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e m\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 vybra\u0165 si z desiatok aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed alebo cel\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 sa po p\u00e1r klikoch v OpenStacku sami vytvoria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za pozornos\u0165 stoja aj dva projekty, ktor\u00e9 ako keby ani nepatrili do OpenStack sveta – Ironic a Cyborg. Ironic<\/a> zastre\u0161uje mana\u017ement fyzick\u00fdch serverov, pri\u010dom vyu\u017e\u00edva rovnak\u00e9 zdroje ako pri mana\u017emente VPS – tie ist\u00e9 in\u0161tala\u010dn\u00e9 image, siete a podobne. Cyborg<\/a> sa zasa sna\u017e\u00ed o mana\u017ement akcelera\u010dn\u00e9ho hardv\u00e9ru – grafick\u00fdch kariet, FPGA modulov alebo ASIC \u010dipov. Oba tvoria v OpenStacku mo\u017enosti pre pou\u017eivate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00ed na \u0161pecifick\u00fd typ workloadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak by si sk\u00fasil pozrie\u0165 do bud\u00facnosti, kde bude OpenStack o \u010fal\u0161\u00edch 10 rokov?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

OpenStack sa u\u017e od svojho za\u010diatku sna\u017e\u00ed by\u0165 open-source alternat\u00edvou (ak nie konkurenciou) priv\u00e1tnym cloudom a platen\u00fdm on-premises cloud rie\u0161eniam ako Amazon AWS, Google GCE alebo VMware. Z\u00edskava funding – v podobe financi\u00ed, ale aj \u010dasu developerov – od najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch technologick\u00fdch firiem sveta. Tak\u017ee v najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch rokoch ur\u010dite nikam neod\u00edde<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V posledn\u00fdch rokoch sa Openstack orientoval na zv\u00fd\u0161enie stability jednotliv\u00fdch projektov a na u\u013eah\u010denie deploymentu a operat\u00edvy, teda prv\u00e9ho nasadenia a n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch upgradov. Namiesto desiatok nov\u00fdch projektov ro\u010dne vid\u00edme zameranie sa na rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mov v t\u00fdch existuj\u00facich. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee tento trend bude pokra\u010dova\u0165, preto\u017ee aj napriek snahe OpenStack e\u0161te st\u00e1le rastie r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie, ako sa st\u00edha stabilizova\u0165<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Od za\u010diatku je jasn\u00e1 jeho orient\u00e1cia na \u201cEverything as a Service\u201d<\/strong>, trend, ktor\u00fd \u0165ahaj\u00fa aj spom\u00ednan\u00ed cloud oper\u00e1tori, kedy m\u00e1te namiesto vytv\u00e1rania virtu\u00e1lnych serverov a konfigurovania slu\u017eieb k dispoz\u00edcii priamo funkciu, ktor\u00fa chcete dosiahnu\u0165. Napr\u00edklad namiesto in\u0161talovania nieko\u013ek\u00fdch datab\u00e1zov\u00fdch serverov vo VPS v\u00e1m projekt Trove umo\u017e\u0148uje aktivova\u0165 si datab\u00e1zu ako slu\u017ebu, alebo namiesto vlastn\u00e9ho loadbalancera m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 projekt Octavia. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee toto je jedna zo silnej\u0161\u00edch str\u00e1nok OpenStacku, v\u010faka ktorej sa jeho adopcia \u0161\u00edri a preto bude pokra\u010dova\u0165 aj v bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

OpenStack tento rok osl\u00e1vi svoje desiate narodeniny. WebSupport na\u0148 pred 7 rokmi vsadil a serverov\u00e9 produkty ako Virtu\u00e1lny server (VPS), Virtu\u00e1lne d\u00e1tov\u00e9 centrum (VDC) a Private cloud s\u00fa postaven\u00e9 pr\u00e1ve na \u0148om. Jedn\u00fdm z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed vo WebSupporte je Peter Slov\u00e1k, ktor\u00fd p\u00f4sob\u00ed ako IT Architect a o OpenStacku n\u00e1m porozpr\u00e1val viac. \u010co je to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":20859,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2858,7],"tags":[155,1938,607,609,1935,927,956],"class_list":["post-20640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-profesional","category-technologie","tag-cloud","tag-multicloud","tag-open-source","tag-openstack","tag-public-cloud","tag-vps","tag-websupport"],"yoast_head":"\nOpenStack - vsadili sme na\u0148 u\u017e pred 7 rokmi. 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